螺旋状中空纤维膜吸收器脱硫性能的研究

用自组装的膜吸收器试验研究了不同操作条件下的烟气脱硫特性。实验结果表明，脱硫过程传质阻力主要集中在气相和膜上，利用螺旋管技术可以强化气相的传质。     

天然气引射调峰系统的噪声形成及其治理研究

采用天然气引射调峰技术，能使上海某储配站10台天然气高压球罐的储气调峰能率提高68％，大大有助于解决天然气用气高峰时的供需平衡问题，并能节约初投资人民币1亿元。但使用超音速引射器后，当球罐压力下降到某一值时会产生高频噪声，影响管束区操作环境。本文分析了噪声产生的原因．提出了合理的噪声治理方案，并进行了方案的实施。实践证明：噪声治理效果良好，降低了管束区噪声污染，达到了国家“工业企业噪声卫生标准”。     

含有机物铁泥的超临界水氧化法资源化

氨基染料生产过程中产生大量含有机物的铁泥,对环境造成严重污染并造成资源的极大浪费.利用超临界水氧化法对含有机物铁泥进行资源化处理研究,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析（XRD）、色差实验与电子探针分析.研究结果显示,用超临界水氧化法处理铁泥可以将铁泥中所含的有机物完全氧化,真正实现环境友好;超临界水首先将铁泥氧化成α-Fe2O3与γ-Fe2O3,再经过800℃煅烧后可以作为氧化铁红颜料使用;超临界反应压力对样品的晶型与颜色影响不大.     

Second german heavy-metal survey by means of mosses,and comparison of the first and second approach in germany and other european countries

This paper shows the geographic distribution in Germany of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed in mosses in 1995/96 and compares it with the results of the 1990/91 pilot study within a European moss-monitoring programme. Other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti, V, Zn) are compared on basis of the overall element medians for Germany of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 survey. Samples of Pleurozium schreberi, Scleropodium purum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Hylocomium splendens were taken at a total of 1026 sites. In the 1995/96 monitoring campaign, 95% of the original sites of the 1990/91 study were resampled. The results from 1995/96 display local elevated values and many cases of areas affected by known sources of heavy-metal emissions. The industrialized and urban regions of Germany are shown up clearly by the 1995/96 moss-monitoring results: the Ruhr area, parts of Saarland and Baden-Württemberg, as well as areas in eastern Germany. Relatively low values for many elements were found in large areas of Lower Saxony and Bavaria. A comparison of the results of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 moss-monitoring programmes shows a fall in the concentration of the presented elements (except cadmium, copper and zinc) over the relevant period. Especially in the former GDR, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) decreased significantly. This is, firstly, a reflection of the closure of and/or technological improvements to large power plants; secondly it is due to the fact that lignite has given way to other fuels. Vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), typical constituents of crude oil, also show a decrease in the western part and thus document changes in the type of fuel consumed. The significant fall in lead concentration in 1995/96 as compared to 1990/91 in what used to be East and West Germany probably results from the increasing use of lead-free petrol. A comparison of the median values for 1990/91 and 1995/96 in mosses to the rate of emission of heavy metals in Germany for 1990 and 1995 shows similar trends in the case of elements such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The comparison of the medians of the elements analyzed for 19 European countries indicates for most of the elements a general tendency to lower values in 1995, except for Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and United Kingdom.     

改善热轧降尘效率的雾化参数分析*

为提高热轧工作区的雾化降尘效率,研究尘雾颗粒碰撞相关理论,以热轧产生的氧化铁皮粉尘为研究对象,建立基于雾滴粒径、雾滴速度和液体流量多个雾化参数的降尘效率计算模型;分析单一雾化参数对降尘效率的影响;通过实验,测得不同气液压力组合下的雾化参数,运用响应曲面法,分析多个雾化参数耦合对降尘效率的影响。结果表明:降尘效率随着雾滴粒径的减小、液体流量增大而提高,雾滴速度对其影响不明显;多因素耦合时,通过调节气液压力组合来控制降尘效率,结合高温环境对雾滴存活时间的影响分析,当气压0.3 MPa、液压0.5 MPa时,粒径为21～27 μm的粉尘沉降效果最佳,降尘效率达到90%以上,可有效解决热轧车间粉尘污染问题。     

Kinetics of hexavalent chromium reduction by iron metal

The kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) by metallic iron (Fe⁰) was studied in batch reactors for a range of reactant concentrations, pH and temperatures. Nearly 86.8% removal efficiency for Cr(VI) was achieved when Fe⁰ concentration was 6 g/L (using commercial iron powder (< 200 mesh) in 120 min). The reduction of hexavalent chromium took place on the surface of the iron particles following pseudo-first order kinetics. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction increased with increasing Fe⁰ addition and temperature but inversely with initial pH. The pseudo-first-order rate coefficients (k _obs) were determined as 0.0024, 0.010, 0.0268 and 0.062 8 min⁻¹ when iron powder dosages were 2, 6, 10 and 14 g/L at 25°C and pH 5.5, respectively. According to the Arrehenius equation, the apparent activation energy of 26.5 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of 3 330 min⁻¹ were obtained at the temperature range of 288–308 K. Different Fe⁰ types were compared in this study. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe⁰ nanoparticles > Fe⁰ nanoparticles > Fe⁰ powder > Fe⁰ filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process showed that Cr(III) and Fe(III) hydroxides should be the dominant final products.     

GC/MS测定环境空气中的糠醛

本文采用活性炭管对糠醛厂厂界空气中糠醛进行吸附,选用适当的有机溶剂进行解吸,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)方法对空气中糠醛进行定性、定量分析。此方法适用于环境空气中糠醛的测定。     

ZVI固定床-SBR耦合工艺强化氯代硝基苯的降解

研究了零价铁(ZVI)固定床-序批式生物反应器(SBR)耦合工艺对2-氯硝基苯(2-CINB)转化与降解强化作用.结果表明,ZVI固定床可稳 定还原转化2-CINB为2-氯苯胺(2-CIAn),表面积归一化速率常数(Ksa)为(3.20±0.35)×10-2L·m-2·h-1;ZVI固定床出水作为SBR进水,在HRT为20 h、2-ClAn负荷为3.6～111.8 g·m-3·d-1、COD负荷(外加碳源)为130.9～854.4 g·m-3 d-1条件下稳定运行SBR,其2-ClAn去除率 达99.9%以上,COD去除率达92.3%±5.5%.2-ClAn污泥比降解速率达0.31 g·g-1·d-1;耦合系统在不添加其它碳源、氮源条件下,TOC去除率达95.4%,总氮去除率为46.1%.而以未经ZVI预处理的2-CINB为进水的SBR对照实验发现,2-ClNB去除率仅为25.3%±10.2%.主要以挥发形式去除.研究结果揭示,ZVI-SBR耦合工艺可强化氯代硝基苯类污染物的降解与矿化.     

Fe2+EDTA络合-铁屑还原连续脱除烟气中NO

研究了铁屑塔式反应器连续脱除烟气中NO的过程,建立了该过程的数学模型,并对其主要影响因素进行了讨论.结果表明,铁屑塔式反应器可连续稳定地脱除烟气中NO,进气NO浓度的变化对脱硝效率没有影响,脱硝效率随烟气流量的增加而下降,随脱硝溶液流量和填料层高度的增加而增加.所建模型的计算值和实测值能够很好地吻合,该模型可用于预测脱硝过程参数对脱硝效率的影响.     

钢铁企业水系统实现节能减排的技术措施

很多钢铁企业面临着工业污水量远大于回用水量,处理后的工业污水因缺少用户只能外排而同时还需引入大量的工业新水的尴尬局面。节能减排不只是减少工业新水用水量和全部工业污水处理回用,更重要的是要实现工业污水排放量和回用水量之间的平衡。结合某钢铁公司的实际情况,就钢铁企业水系统实现节能减排的技术措施进行了探讨,作为工程实践的一种参考。