可持续发展中的绿色会计

论述了在可持续发展中，绿色会计的确认、计量和披露，并分析了绿色会计的作用及其在我国实施的可能性．     

WTO对政府贸易与环境管理职能的影响

探讨了加入WTO对贸易与环境管理职能的影响，强调突破绿色壁垒，必须发挥政府宏观调控职能，规范和发展环境产业市场，发展生态产业和绿色贸易。     

Greening Nigeria's economy for industrial and environmental sustainability: Polyurethane production as a test case

The study focused on Nigeria's polyurethane (PU) production process as a test case. Though it is currently insignificant when viewed from a global perspective, PU production in Nigeria is not eco‐friendly. Traditionally, PU is produced by reacting petro‐based polyol with a poly‐isocyanate, which is made from amines and phosgene and are currently imported into the country. These two materials are detrimental to the human health and environment, indicating that Nigeria's PU industries need to re‐examine their production inputs for environmental compliance. The objective of this study is to review the PU industry for nontoxic reagents that could be sourced locally vis‐à‐vis overcoming sustainable development (greening the economy) challenges in Nigeria. Non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is preferred to petro‐polyurethane because, in comparison, NIPU has improved thermal and chemical resistance, porosity and water absorption, and is less toxic. Engaging local resources to produce PU is economically feasible; in addition, NIPU is relatively advantageous to human health and the environment. Aside from being economically feasible, production of NIPU in Nigeria has the propensity to greatly enlarge the growth of the existing PU industry to tremendous heights and contribute to diversifying and improving the overall economy.     

Hydrodynamic Modeling Improves Green River Reconnection with Floodplain Wetlands for Endangered Fish Species Recovery

We performed two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modeling to aid recovery of the endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) by reconnecting the Green River with its historic bottomland floodplain wetlands at Ouray National Wildlife Refuge, Utah. Reconnection allows spring flood flows to overtop the river levee every two to three years, and passively transport razorback sucker larvae to the wetlands to grow in critical habitat. This study includes (1) river hydrologic analysis, (2) simulation of a levee breach/weir, overtopping of river flood flows, and 2D flow through the wetlands using Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System 2D, and (3) modeling flow and restoration scenarios. Indicators of hydrologic alteration were used to evaluate river flow metrics, in particular flood magnitudes, frequency, and duration. Results showed a target spring flow of 16,000 cfs (453 m³/s) and a levee breach elevation of 4,663 ft (1,421 m) amsl would result in a median flow >6,000 acre‐feet (7.4 million m³) over five days into the wetlands, which is adequate for razorback sucker larvae transport and rearing. Modeling of flow/restoration scenarios showed using gated water control structures and passive low‐water crossings between wetland units can provide adequate control of flow movement into and storage in multiple units. Levee breaching can be a relatively simple, cost‐effective method to reconnect rivers and historic floodplains, and hydrodynamic modeling is an important tool for analyzing and designing wetland reconnection.     

退耕还林还草工程对生态系统碳储存服务的影响——以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区子长县为例

陆地生态系统碳储量是表征生态系统碳储存服务的重要指标,与土地利用变化之间存在着密切的关系。退耕还林还草工程使区域土地利用格局发生巨大变化,并对生态系统碳储存服务造成了较大的影响。为了能简单快速的评估退耕还林还草工程对陆地生态系统碳储存服务所带来的影响,以位于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的子长县为例,运用InVEST模型评估了退耕还林还草工程对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响,进一步耦合InVEST模型和FLUS模型,并设置四种不同的退耕还林还草实施情景,预测子长县2037年陆地生态系统碳储量变化和碳汇产生的经济价值。研究发现：（1）子长县退耕还林还草工程实施效果显著,17年间共有31627.98 hm²耕地退耕为林地和草地,境内的林草覆盖率由2000年的53.26%增长至2017年的64.20%;（2）退耕还林还草工程的实施显著提升了子长县陆地生态系统碳储存服务,碳储量由2000年的39.19×10⁶ t增长至2017年42.34×10⁶ t,增加量集中在工程实施主要阶段（2000—2008年）;（3）未来子长县若继续实施退耕还林还草工程,其生态系统碳储存服务会得到进一步提升,且会获得一定的碳汇经济价值。预计到2037年子长县在退耕还林还草工程实施A、B、C、D四种情景下的陆地生态系统碳储量将分别达到：43.78×10⁶ t、44.10×10⁶ t、44.32×10⁶ t和44.54×10⁶ t,并将由此获得碳汇经济价值净收益分别为1627.88万美元、1979.89万美元、2231.39万美元和2471.67万美元。耦合InVEST-FLUS模型,不但能利用InVEST模型简单快速的对陆地生态系统碳储量进行评估,而且还能基于FLUS模型对未来土地利用变化情景下的陆地生态系统碳储量和碳汇经济价值做出测算。     

基于MIDAS模型中国碳排放量的实时预报与短期预测

随着全球气候变暖问题不断加重,二氧化碳排放量预测成为各国制定碳减排措施的核心问题.传统的二氧化碳排放量预测模型是基于同频数据进行的,高频数据必需处理为低频数据,这样不仅忽略了高频数据携带的有效信息,还影响了模型预测的及时性,降低了模型预测的精度.本文将混频数据抽样模型(MIDAS)用于碳排放量预测研究,分析了高频季度GDP滞后阶数变化效应及其对低频二氧化碳排放量的影响效应.研究结果表明,季度GDP对碳排放量具有正负两种效应,该效应会持续6个季度且以正效应为主,碳排放量自身之间也存在着相互影响,该影响会持续4年之久,这与中国的经济运行状况相吻合,说明混频数据抽样模型(MIDAS)对二氧化碳排放量预测的合理性.此外,混频数据抽样模型(MIDAS)在中国二氧化碳排放量的短期预测方面具有较高的预测精度,在实时预报方面具有显著的可行性和时效性.     

中国有色金属行业绿色发展和技术转型

我国有色金属行业发展迅速,铜、铝、铅、锌等10种有色金属产量占世界的40%以上。我国有色金属行业在资源节约、环境友好型产业的方针指导下,不断推动主体工艺技术进步,技术装备水平进入世界先进行列,重金属污染物防治、废物综合利用取得新进展,清洁生产取得显著成果,末端技术取得新突破。目前有色金属行业环境污染压力依然很大,需切实转变发展方式,继续走绿色发展之路。     

建设绿色“一带一路”的重要性——以乌兹别克斯坦资源环境特点为例

在"一带一路"建设中加强资源环境保护工作,不仅适应全球可持续发展的共识,更是我国发挥绿色引领作用的体现,助力构建共同繁荣区域大合作的关键和保障。文章以乌兹别克斯坦为例,基于对该国的实地调研,分析研究其资源环境特点及管理体制对推进"一带一路"的可能影响,提出了我国在"一带一路"建设过程中加强资源环境保护工作的几点建议。     

以改善环境质量为核心推动供给侧绿色结构改革

为进一步明确供给侧改革中环保的定位与作用,文章结合去产能、降成本、补短板等重大任务,探讨了环保产业、环保公共服务业、传统产业绿色化改造、绿色消费、环境管理制度等与供给侧改革的关系,提出了环境保护推动供给侧绿色结构改革的若干建议。     

The use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride for metal deposition: A green alternative?

Ionic liquids are studied intensively for different applications. They tend to be denoted as “green solvents”, largely because of their low vapour pressure. In recent years toxicity and biotoxicity of ionic liquids have also been investigated, which proved that not all of these are “green”. In this paper the use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride and ethylene glycol in electrochemistry is discussed in the context of their use as green solvents. Due to their low toxicity and ready biodegradability, these deep eutectic solvents are promising for the electrodeposition of metals. The influence of the use of these liquids as metal deposition baths on the waste water is investigated. Drag-out was found to be the most influencing parameter on the environmental impact of the process, as it is three times higher compared to classical solutions due to the higher viscosity of the ionic liquid. There are no major changes needed in the rinsing configuration of classic electroplating plants, and ion exchange to remove the metal out of the waste water was not hindered by the presence of the ionic liquid. The formation of by-products during the deposition of metals has to be further investigated and evaluated in consideration of the environmental impact.