急上高原人员疏散速度修正的台阶试验研究*

为解决高原铁路隧道人员安全疏散问题,基于台阶试验对急上高原人员运动能力进行研究,并基于现场测试、理论分析、资料调研等对不同海拔高度处急上高原人员疏散速度基础参数进行研究。结果表明:得出平原世居者在急上高原时的运动能力下降规律,并通过对比不同拟合类型,得出急上高原者在不同海拔下人员疏散速度折减系数公式;基于海拔和坡度对人员运动的影响,得出高海拔铁路隧道人员疏散速度基础参数。研究结果可为高海拔铁路隧道人员疏散理论分析、仿真模拟及性能化设计提供基础数据支持。     

绿色大学建设管理的研究

对绿色校园建设的必要性从高校的优势和学校管理要求方面进行了论述。以辽宁大学为例,探讨了其进行绿色校园建设的主要内容,并提出了污染预防、实施生态工程和进行可持续发展管理的对策。     

The spatial-temporal differentiation of green land use in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration

ABSTRACT

As the space carrier of the construction of ecological civilization, land’s green and efficient utilization is an important guarantee for realizing national sustainable development. Based on traditional land evaluation, this paper scientifically defines the green land use, puts land as one of the production factors, and brings energy consumption, environmental pollution, etc. into the input-output system to measure the green land utilization efficiency of the urban construction land of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2016. The study shows that the overall efficiency variation of the urban agglomeration is related with the land and environment policies. Efficiency of 2016 is higher than that of 2006, and energy and environment are the principal factors affecting the green land use. The efficiency of each city is positively correlated with its economic development, negatively correlated with the construction land expansion. Efficiency gaps in different cities are expanding. There is positive correlation with overall weak space between cities, and the partial spatial agglomeration phenomenon appears. Therefore, the green land use efficiency could be improved by improving land utilization efficiency, coordinating economic growth of construction land utilization with environmental protection and taking feasible ways to transregional renovation of the stock ecological land utilization, etc.     

Environmental management system vs green specifications: How do they complement each other in the construction industry?

Environmental Management System (EMS) has been one of the important tools for sustainable construction for around two decades. However, many issues concerning sustainable development have not been properly addressed, and there is a need for the introduction of green specifications to advance green performance in construction through contract management. This paper defines green specifications, identifies the reasons for adopting green specifications and highlights the environmental issues that may not be addressed by solely adopting EMS. It also presents the results of a recent survey of practitioners concerning their opinions towards green specifications and possible impacts arising from their adoption. From the results of the survey, a framework for developing green specifications is deemed valuable for the cities striving for sustainability. Interestingly, the level of acceptable changes brought about by green specifications as perceived by different industry stakeholders is found to be unrelated to whether they were from organizations implementing EMS or not.     

铁路危险货物办理站点优化配置方法研究

铁路危险货物运输办理站点的优化配置,涉及到需求分布、设置地点、区域规划、环保要求、业务功能以及与其他运输方式的分工、衔接等,是一个复杂的系统工程。分析了已有铁路危险货物办理站点整合优化模型的不足,首先从铁路部门角度综合考虑现有铁路危险货物办理站点的各方面条件,进行多准则决策评价,从运输需求者角度考虑运输方式多属性决策,进行铁路危险货物办理站点的综合效用评价,并基于投资成本、环境风险、运输效用和区域公平性等方面构建了铁路危险货物办理站点优化配置模型,为了有效解决多站点、多需求、多区域、多目标铁路危险货物办理站点优化配置模型因素复杂、规模大、层次多的问题,提出了运用大系统分解协调的多目标遗传算法求解模型的思路。     

Designing a mixed performance measurement system for environmental supply chain management using evolutionary game theory and balanced scorecard: A case study of an auto industry supply chain

This paper proposes a mixed performance measurement system using a combination of evolutionary game theory and the balanced scorecard (BSC) in environmental supply chain management (ESCM) that measures and evaluates business operations using the four different perspectives of finance, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. ESCM plays an important role in the supply chain which leads to the reduction, reuse and recycling of resources involved in both upstream and downstream activities. This paper presents guidance for practical managers in evaluating and measuring ESCM by developing a knowledge-based BSC and evolutionary game theory. The primary purpose of this paper is to apply the proposed method in a case study to one of Iran's biggest auto industry supply chain SAIPA Company. The results of this study indicate that the adoption of ESCM, in the absence of regulatory pressures and cost-saving measures is triggered by public pressures and its implementation is limited by organizational factors and strategic myopia.     

中国铁路水害环境致灾因子分析

以１９８０—１９９８年近２０年间的共３１８２次水害数据为基础进行统计分析，对中国铁路水害的自然环境致灾因子作了分类，验证了其与太阳黑子之间的相关性．同时，对降水致灾的发生频数与断道时间之间的关系进行了探讨，指出地形、地质对铁路水害的影响具有区域性特征。     

高速铁路声屏障

提出我国高速铁路(铁路客运专线)声屏障主要结构形式和应有的性能。重点分析高速列车气动力的形成、影响因素、计算方法及其对声屏障的作用。提出了高速铁路声屏障的设计要点及其对声屏障的设计建造的建议。     

高速铁路高填复合路堤边坡安全问题探讨

路基是高速铁路安全系统的关键和薄弱环节 ,建在软土上的高填路堤边坡是否稳定 ,更是直接关系到路基乃至整个高速铁路系统的安全 ,采用桩—网复合地基形式修建高路堤是一个好办法 ,这种路堤形式尚不多见。笔者结合其特点 ,从理论上提出了一种新的边坡安全实用计算方法 ;讨论了影响边坡安全的主要因素 ;验证了这一计算方法的合理性     

青藏铁路景观视觉管理系统研究

铁路建设需要设置取(弃)土场、砂石料点、施工营地等工程场地,这些工程场地如果设计不合理,必将对沿线景观造成破坏,进而对视觉产生强烈的冲击。该文参考美国林务局的“视觉管理系统(VisualManagementSystem,VMS)”和美国土地管理局的“视觉管理(VisualResourcesMana-gement,VRM)”,利用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,结合新建青藏铁路沿线景观特点和工程场地的位置、面积、所处的坡度、相对于铁路的距离、沿铁路方向的长度以及相对于本底景观的对比度,建立了新建青藏铁路沿线的景观视觉管理系统,定量分析和评价了铁路建设工程可能对高原景观带来的冲击,并为修改和重新设计工程场地提出了指导性建议。