南通市某钢丝绳行业集中区降尘中重金属污染状况评价

针对南通市钢丝绳行业集中区重金属污染问题,分析降尘中的铅、镉、铬、铜、镍、铁、锌、锰等重金属含量,并采用污染指数法和地累积指数法对降尘中重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明,该集中区降尘中重金属污染程度依次为Zn>Pb>Cd>Cu>Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr,铅、锌为主要污染因子,铅、锌污染级别均处于重污染级别。     

维多利亚蓝B与碘在水溶液中的显色反应-吸光光度法测定海产品中的碘

研究了水相中,维多利亚蓝B与碘离子(I~-)的显色反应.当磷酸浓度为1.6mol/L,聚乙烯醇为0.08％时,维多利亚蓝B与碘形成络合比为1∶3的络合物,最大吸收峰位于375nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10~4L/mol·cm,碘在(0～16)μg/ml范围内符合比耳定律.方法可用于海洋生物等样品中的微量碘测定,结果满意.     

Emergy algebra: Improving matrix methods for calculating transformities

Transformity is one of the core concepts in Energy Systems Theory and it is fundamental to the calculation of emergy. Accurate evaluation of transformities and other emergy per unit values is essential for the broad acceptance, application and further development of emergy methods. Since the rules for the calculation of emergy are different from those for energy, particular calculation methods and models have been developed for use in the emergy analysis of networks, but double counting errors still occur because of errors in applying these rules when estimating the emergies of feedbacks and co-products. In this paper, configurations of network energy flows were classified into seven types based on commonly occurring combinations of feedbacks, splits, and co-products. A method of structuring the network equations for each type using the rules of emergy algebra, which we called “preconditioning” prior to calculating transformities, was developed to avoid double counting errors in determining the emergy basis for energy flows in the network. The results obtained from previous approaches, the Track Summing Method, the Minimum Eigenvalue Model and the Linear Optimization Model, were reviewed in detail by evaluating a hypothetical system, which included several types of interactions and two inputs. A Matrix Model was introduced to simplify the calculation of transformities and it was also tested using the same hypothetical system. In addition, the Matrix Model was applied to two real case studies, which previously had been analyzed using the existing method and models. Comparison of the three case studies showed that if the preconditioning step to structure the equations was missing, double counting would lead to large errors in the transformity estimates, up to 275 percent for complex flows with feedback and co-product interactions. After preconditioning, the same results were obtained from all methods and models. The Matrix Model reduces the complexity of the Track Summing Method for the analysis of complex systems, and offers a more direct and understandable link between the network diagram and the matrix algebra, compared with the Minimum Eigenvalue Model or the Linear Optimization Model.     

环境质量评价中若干评价方法的比较

探讨了目前用于环境质量评价的若干方法－－模糊综合评判法,灰色聚类法,灰关联分析方法及改进形式,物元分析方法及改进形式的共点与异点,指出要推求一种适合环境质量评价实际的方法尚有大量工作要做。     

软煤层综放工作面注水防尘中的工艺问题

以现场注水试验和实验室实验结果为依据,分析并讨论了目前研究甚少而又对注水防尘实施,特别是在软煤层综放工作面实施很重要的工艺问题,提出了适宜的钻孔、封孔、润湿效果考察方法以及表面活性剂应用中的浓度选择、种类选择和应用的必要性评价方法     

电网环境保护管理信息系统的设计与实现

为了对输变电工程中的大量资料进行信息化动态管理,对电磁环境参数进行预测分析,为电网决策、管理、运行提供依据,建立电网环境保护信息管理系统。阐述系统的构建、实现及运用Matlab工具进行电磁环境参数预测模型的求解,通过系统集成完成信息管理和预测分析模型系统的开发,实现电网环境保护的决策分析。以可听噪声预测模型构建为例,在C#.NET平台上调用Matlab工具箱,实现了输电线路可听噪声的预测分析。     

在役钢筋混凝土拱桥病害分析和力学性能研究

结合某在役三跨钢筋混凝土拱桥结构的现场检测,对该拱桥结构的静、动力力学性能进行了有限元计算。获得了大桥静载下的变形信息和振动特性信息,为大桥的抗震、抗风分析建立了基础;通过验算荷载对布载最不利位置的检验,全面评估大桥的安全状态;通过静载实测的数值与有限元模型数值的对比,研究了拱桥的力学性能,评估分析了拱桥结构过早出现病害的主要原因,为在役拱桥的安全性评价和健康诊断提供了理论依据。     

冶金企业无组织排放颗粒物影响评价

以上海市某冶金企业为例,该厂有正常运行的冶炼炉13座,每年向大气中排放大量颗粒污染物.基于高斯倾斜烟羽模式,整理了2003年上海市全年的气象资料,运用气象概率矩阵法计算了该厂直排点源及无组织面源排放颗粒物的影响,得出了厂区内无组织排放颗粒物落地浓度等值线图.计算结果表明,厂区内颗粒物污染主要来自无组织面源,污染集中在厂区中心的污染源附近;直排点源对环境的影响较小,污染主要集中在下风向.     

企业安全效益的量化

安全就是效益 ,而安全效益的量化问题一直是企业非常关心的问题。笔者通过安全效益的论述、量化分析 ,提出了企业安全效益由安全管理所创造的直接经济效益、间接经济效益、安全投入转化的经济效益、潜在经济效益四部分组成的新观点 ;推导出安全效益的量化公式 ,从而揭示了安全与效益的辩证统一关系 ;得出了安全效益从定性走向定量是必然的规律和安全效益完全可以进行量化计算的重要结论。     

Two leaks detection in viscoelastic pipeline systems by means of transient

This paper presents a technique for detecting and locating leaks in a single viscoelastic pipe, by means of transient analysis. The system studied is a reservoir-pipe-valve structure. The viscoelastic behavior of the pipe wall material is modeled by a generalized KelvinVoigt model. To determine the leak location, the mathematical formulation has been solved by the method of characteristics. The approach by the method of characteristics is often chosen because it is based on the concept of acoustic wave propagation which is the main mechanism of all transient events considered. The presence of the two leaks in a pipe partially reflects pressure waves initiated by the sudden closure of a downstream shut-off valve. These waves affect the shape and the amplitude of the time-history-pressure. The computed results describe the influence of the presence of two leaks on pressure time-history and the effect of leaks locations and sizes on the pressure signal behavior. The effect of the pipe wall viscoelasticity on the two leaks detection and sizing is also discussed. The leaks discharges are determined by resolving two independent equations derived from literatures and based on transient analysis. The friction and leaks depths effects on two leaks locations and sizing are involved.