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101.
关中盆地地-气系统灾变的节律性及耦合关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据丰富而系统的历史资料,建立了关中盆地历史地震与旱涝灾害两个数据库,分析了近2000a来地-气系统环境灾变的节律性及耦合关系。结果发现:(1)地震活动具有一定的节律性,并先后经历了3个平静期和3个活跃期,平静期与活跃期呈交替出现,具有3~4个世纪的周期;(2)较为严重的干旱、洪涝灾害亦具有一定的周期性,先后经历了2个洪涝期和3个干旱期,其较长尺度的转换周期亦为3~4个世纪;(3)在世纪尺度上,地震活动与旱涝灾害具有某种耦合关系,表现为在地震活动的活跃期,旱涝灾害呈多发性,而在地震活动的平静期,旱涝灾害较为稀少;(4)以较大级别的地震群发为节点,地气系统环境灾变的耦合关系具有先旱→后震→再涝的演替特征。基于上述事实,提出了一个地-气系统环境灾变的概念模型,对地震与旱涝灾害的耦合关系给出了确定性解释。为关中盆地世纪尺度的环境灾变群发性预测提供了新的依据。 相似文献
102.
从城镇发展度、城镇宜居度、城乡协调度和城镇发展效率4个维度综合评估了2005—2019年关中平原城市群城镇化质量。结果表明:①关中平原城市群城镇化质量呈快速上升趋势,但整体质量依然处于较低水平。②城镇发展系统和城镇宜居系统是关中平原城市群城镇化质量提升的重要维度,城镇发展效率和城乡协调度是城镇化质量提升的短板,经济城镇化和社会城镇化质量快速发展是城镇化质量提升的重要动力,城乡协调度是城镇化质量提升的关键维度。③研究后期关中平原城市群各城市城镇化质量差异明显缩小,城市之间的关联性增强,核心城市辐射带动作用日益凸显。 相似文献
103.
Changes of Land Use and of Ecosystem Service Values in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Wang Z Zhang B Zhang S Li X Liu D Song K Li J Li F Duan H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):69-91
Agricultural activities, especially reclamation, are considered major threats to the wetland ecosystems in Sanjiang Plain,
the largest concentrated area of the freshwater wetlands in China. In the past decades, the area of the cultivated land and
its grain production have been increased at the cost of wetlands shrinkage. The large-scale land reclamation severely affected
the ecosystems in this region. However, such effects at the regional scale are seldom evaluated quantitatively. We used three
datasets of LANDSAT MSS and/or TM imagery to estimate the area changes and the transition of land use types from 1980 to 2000.
We also valued changes in ecosystem services delivered by each land category using value coefficients published by Costanza
et al. [Nature 387, 1997, 253–260]. Sensitivity analysis suggested that these estimates were relatively robust. Finally, the contribution
of various ecosystem functions was ranked to the overall value of the ecosystem services in this study. According to our estimates,
the total annual ecosystem service values in Sanjiang Plain have declined by about 40% between 1980 and 2000 ($156284–182572.18
million in total over 20 years). This substantial decline is largely attributed to the 53.4% loss of wetlands. For individual
ecosystem functions, waste treatment, water supply and disturbance regulation account for more than 60% to the total ecological
values. During those two decades, the contribution of disturbance regulation, cultural and recreation decreased, while the
contribution of water regulation, nutrient cycling, food production, raw materials and climate regulation increased during
the same period. We also put forward a few proposals concerning the future land use policy formulation and sustainable ecosystems.
They are adjusting the ‘food first’ agricultural policy, establishing more nature reserves for wetlands, creating systems
for the rational use of water, harnessing the degraded cultivated land and encouraging eco-tourism. 相似文献
104.
105.
排水对三江平原沼泽湿地土壤中化学元素的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站为研究基地 ,选择典型采样点 ,对排水沟土壤、沼泽土壤、沼泽化草甸土壤 (共有 6个采样点 ,2 8个样品 )进行测试 ,分析土样中主要离子 (HCO3- 、Cl- 、NO3- 、SO4 2 - 、Ca2 +、Mg2 +、K+、Na+)含量、重金属 (铁、锰、锌、铜 )含量、营养元素含量、有机质含量以及土壤pH值 ,研究沼泽排水对沼泽土壤中的化学元素含量的影响。研究结果表明 ,排水使沼泽土壤丧失大量的化学元素 相似文献
106.
南通平原河网地区典型农田系统地下水硝态氮污染调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对平原河网地区典型农田系统灌溉施肥带来的地下水环境污染问题,采集南通地区蔬菜地、水稻-小麦轮作地、水稻-油菜轮作地和桑地地下水样品,分析了不同农田种植体系下的地下水污染程度。结果表明,蔬菜、桑地、水稻-油菜轮作、水稻-小麦轮作地地下水的硝态氮(N)平均值分别为12.2,9.53,7.95和6.12 mg/L,与氮肥用量呈显著的正相关关系;研究区域地下水硝态氮超Ⅲ类标准率(20 mg/L)的为4.8%,表明地下水已部分受到硝态氮污染。 相似文献
107.
ABSTRACT. Owing to their enormous capacity, ground-water reservoirs are at least equal in importance to the ground water itself. As regulators of water movement in the hydrological cycle, these reservoirs surpass all lakes combined, natural and manmade. While many aquifers are not well understood, data on many others are adequate for long-range broad-scale planning. An example is the basalt aquifer of the Snake River Plain in Idaho. However, the area has managerial problems which concern the time, the place and the feasibility of manipulations of water. All continents of the world contain great aquifers. For every huge aquifer, however, hundreds of smaller ones occur, and even these contain astonishing amounts of water. Aquifers in the Ohio River Basin of the United States are good examples. Management of total water resources is a difficult problem at many places. But many problems could be met and many water shortages alleviated or eliminated by use of aquifers, not merely as sources of water, but as reservoirs for management of water. 相似文献
108.
Many marshes in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA, are managed through a combination of fall or winter burning and structural
marsh management (i.e., levees and water control structures; hereafter SMM). The goals of winter burning and SMM include improvement
of waterfowl and furbearer habitat, maintenance of historic isohaline lines, and creation and maintenance of emergent wetlands.
Although management practices are intended to influence the plant community, effects of these practices on primary productivity
have not been investigated. Marsh processes, such as vertical accretion and nutrient cycles, which depend on primary productivity
may be affected directly or indirectly by winter burning or SMM. We compared Chenier Plain plant community characteristics
(species composition and above- and belowground biomass) in experimentally burned and unburned control plots within impounded
and unimpounded marshes at 7 months (1996), 19 months (1997), and 31 months (1998) after burning. Burning and SMM did not
affect number of plant species or species composition in our experiment. For all three years combined, burned plots had higher
live above-ground biomass than did unburned plots. Total above-ground and dead above-ground biomasses were reduced in burned
plots for two and three years, respectively, compared to those in unburned control plots. During all three years, belowground
biomass was lower in impounded than in unimpounded marshes but did not differ between burn treatments. Our results clearly
indicate that current marsh management practices influence marsh primary productivity and may impact other marsh processes,
such as vertical accretion, that are dependent on organic matter accumulation and decay. 相似文献
109.
江汉平原不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体中有机碳的分布与积累特点 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
论文探讨了江汉平原果园、旱地、水田、水旱轮作等利用方式下土壤团聚体的组成、有机碳与活性有机碳的分布与积累特点。结果表明:供试土壤团聚体的组成均以2~20μm粒径为主,其次为<2μm和20~50μm粒径,<50μm粒径团聚体的含量占团聚体总量的80.8%~94.1%。不同利用方式下有机碳含量的峰值均出现在200~2000μm团聚体中,且>50μm粒径团聚体中有机碳的含量比<50μm粒径的高;但69.8%~86.6%的有机碳分布在<50μm粒径团聚体中,其中以2~20μm团聚体中有机碳所占的比例最大(35.2%~45.9%),细微团聚体固碳能力较强,而粗粒径团聚体中的有机碳对土地利用方式的变化较为敏感。土壤团聚体中的活性有机碳以2~20μm粒径的最低,<2μm和20~50μm中有机碳的活性相差不大;不同粒径的团聚体中均为水耕利用方式下(水田和水旱轮作)土壤活性有机碳的含量比旱耕利用方式下(果园和旱地)的高,但随着土壤团聚体粒径的增加,由水耕利用方式下活性有机碳所占的比例较大逐渐过渡到以旱耕利用方式下活性有机碳的比例较大。由于供试样品中2~20μm团聚体中有机碳积累最大、固定的有机碳最多,可以考虑将2~20μm团聚体作为土壤固定有机碳的特征团聚体。这些结果可为我国区域土壤有机碳的循环提供科学数据。 相似文献
110.
成都平原西部土壤中镉的分布与镉污染 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文扼要概述了镉元素的生物地球化学特性,详述了成都平原西部土壤中镉元素分布及镉污染现状,并从地质地球化学的角度阐述了引起土壤中高镉的地质原因,提出了若干防治镉污染的措施和建议。 相似文献