强化林火扑救力度实施林场有偿扑火

分析了新形势下单纯依赖专业森林消防队伍扑救森林火灾的不足与问题，提出了有偿扑火构想与保证措施。     

浅谈工伤事故的应急救护常识

通过典型事故案例的分析，介绍了不同类型的伤害事故的应急救护常识。     

试论我国农业环境保护战略问题

我国是发展中的国家，农业在国民经济中占有十分重要的地位，环境污染和生态破坏是农业潜伏着的生态危机，也是农业发展过程中亟待解决的重大问题。如何从我国农业环境问题的特点和农业经济现状出发，制定出与农业经济发展相适应遥农业环境保护战略，是我国农业发展和环境保护工作中的一项重要任务。本文就我国农业环境保护的战略地位和作用、指导思想和方针、目标和重点、措施等一系列战略问题，进行初步探讨。     

论科技风险与减灾

本文提出了科技风险的新概念,分析了科技风险的特征、破坏性、成因等,提出了科技风险与科技事故的减灾对策。     

Fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making approach for industrial green engineering

This paper describes a fuzzy hierarchical analytic approach to determine the weighting of subjective judgments. In addition, it presents a nonadditive fuzzy integral technique to evaluate a green engineering industry case as a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) problem. When the investment strategies are evaluated from various aspects, such as economic effectiveness, technical feasibility, and environmental regulation, it can be regarded as an FMCDM problem. Since stakeholders cannot clearly estimate each considered criterion in terms of numerical values for the anticipated alternatives/strategies, fuzziness is considered to be applicable. Consequently, this paper uses triangular fuzzy numbers to establish weights and anticipated achievement values. By ranking fuzzy weights and fuzzy synthetic utility values, we can determine the relative importance of criteria and decide the best strategies. This paper applies what is called a λ fuzzy measure and nonadditive fuzzy integral technique to evaluate the synthetic performance of green engineering strategies for aquatic products processors in Taiwan. In addition, we demonstrate that the nonadditive fuzzy integral is an effective evaluation and appears to be appropriate, especially when the criteria are not independent.     

Methodology for Natech coupling risk assessment using correlative multi-criteria decision-making method

When a natural disaster occurs, it may damage multiple industrial facilities in a certain area at the same time, and the resulting Natech events may have an impact on the surrounding industrial facilities, generating coupling risk. In this study, the assessment of Natech events coupling risk is conducted using the method of correlated multi-criteria decision-making, and the knowledge of fuzzy measures is introduced to solve the uncertainty problem in Natech coupling risk. Natech Coupling Risk Index is constructed to involve physical and functional facilities. The concept of equivalent population is proposed to compare the risks generated by physical facilities and functional facilities. And economic indicators are added to calculate the comprehensive risk value. The purpose of this contribution is to enable local government managers to use their expertise and resources and the existing risk assessment of the plants themselves and rely on the scoring of experts limitedly to quickly and easily identify potential high Natech risk areas. In the calculation process of coupling risk, the government can also take the lead to promote information communication between different plants and other industrial subjects. The proposed method was applied in a realistic chemical industry area in Guangzhou, China and in a hypothetical town. The result shows that the physical risk may be transferred to the population and economy through the coupling between industrial facilities and the functional link between functional facilities and population and economy.     

深埋水平岩层隧道开挖稳定性分析及控制*

针对深埋高地应力水平岩层掌子面开挖稳定性及支护结构失效问题,以大峡谷隧道为工程背景,通过现场测试、室内试验、数值模拟等方法,探究深埋高地应力水平岩层失稳机理及控制措施。研究结果表明:坚硬岩体被节理面切割后,在高地应力作用下容易发生挤压破碎,破碎岩体遇水发生软化,导致掌子面发生大范围塌方,初支和超前支护失效;隧道开挖后岩层发生不均匀沉降,浅部岩层最先发生弯折破坏,层内块体错动滑移,继而向上方岩层发展,并伴随层间分离和层内裂隙发育,最终形成宏观破裂面;提出的台阶法、2 m开挖进尺、砼喷层、双层小导管、提高初支强度的整体优化控制措施,可有效提高现场支护效果。     

不同施肥措施下长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量的变化分析

收集整理1992年1月至2022年5月长江经济带地区长期定位施肥试验文献,提取并整合了其中农田土壤有机碳的资料.采用归一化处理和变化速率的分析方法,研究长期不同施肥措施下长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量的总体变化,并比较3种耕作模式及不同土壤类型下土壤有机碳含量的变化差异,判断分析试验持续年限长短对土壤有机碳动态的影响.结果表明,在长期不同施肥措施下,我国长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量整体呈上升趋势,无机氮肥磷肥配施(NP)、无机氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)、单独施用有机肥(O)和有机无机肥配施(NPKO)处理均能增加农田土壤的有机碳含量,其中以NPKO处理为最大,而单独施用无机氮肥(N)则会降低土壤有机碳含量.旱田、水田和水旱轮作农田土壤有机碳含量变化速率分别为0.22、 0.24和0.16g·(kg·a)^-1,3种耕作模式在土壤固碳效果方面并无显著性差异.O和NPKO处理下所带来的有机碳相对快速增加效应在旱田土壤中的持续年限最高不超过28 a,而在水田及水旱轮作土壤中依然可以持续到28 a以上.在不同的土壤类型下,土壤有机碳含量的变化速率存在着一定的差异,平均有机...     

Chloride Released from Three Permeable Pavement Surfaces after Winter Salt Application

Few studies exist on how chloride from chloride‐based deicers is transported in infiltration‐based stormwater control measures. In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) constructed a 0.4 ha parking lot in Edison, New Jersey, that was surfaced with permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each surface type has four equally sized, lined sections that direct all infiltrate to separate 5.7 m³ collection tanks. The USEPA acute criterion for aquatic life (860 mg/l) was exceeded in events immediately following a snow event. Concentrations of the infiltrate exceeded the detection limit (5 mg/l) year round but did not exceed the USEPA chronic toxicity (230 mg/l) after April. The chloride concentration decreased with cumulative rainfall since previous snow event, and a power regression described this relationship. In the power regression, the coefficient (b) described the initial concentration following a snow event, and the exponent (m) described the rate in which chloride was flushed through the system with infiltrating water. PC had the largest coefficient (5,664) and largest absolute exponent (?0.92), followed closely by PICP (b = 4,943 and m = ?0.87), and distantly by PA (b = 2,907 and m = ?0.67). The differences in release rate were proportional to the measured surface infiltration rates of 4,000; 2,400; and 200 cm/h for PC, PICP, and PA, respectively. These results will assist those who manage or regulate stormwater where receiving waters are chloride impaired.     

Evaluating the potential of biodiesel (via recycled cooking oil) use in Singapore,an urban city

Singapore has pledged to attain 7–11% Business-As-Usual carbon emissions reduction by 2020. About 19% of CO₂ contribution stemmed from road transport in 2005. Commercial vehicles, which uses mainly diesel, consumed 695 million litres diesel in 2012. An estimated 115,585 tonnes or 127 million litres cooking oils (derived from seeds/fruits) were consumed in 2010, in which the bulk of used cooking oil is re-incorporated into the food preparation process while only a small amount is being recycled into biodiesel or disposed into the sewerage. Nevertheless, the present research reveals that biodiesel derived from spent cooking oil has potential to be a viable fuel supplement. Surveys were carried out involving three market segments – suppliers, processors and end-users – to identify the barriers and obstacles in mass production of biodiesel. A key enabler of biodiesel as a fuel supplement towards a greener environment lies in government mandate/policies in promoting greater biodiesel usage.