HAZOP技术在溴化丁基橡胶装置的应用

介绍了危险与可操作性分析(HA-ZOP)的程序以及在溴化丁基橡胶装置的应用,根据分析结果提出相应的安全措施。     

HAZOP分析技术在聚丙烯装置的应用

介绍HAZOP分析方法在聚丙烯装置的应用,根据分析结果,有效地识别聚丙烯装置运行过程中存在的风险,并提出了降低风险的措施和建议。     

HAZOP和LOPA在事故分析中的应用

通过对一起电加热器火灾事故的HAZOP分析和LOPA分析,探讨了HAZOP和LOPA在事故分析中的应用,可为其他事故的分析提供借鉴。     

中国石化"危险及可操作性分析"应用现状及建议

通过对中国石化新建项目和在役生产装置危险及可操作性分析（HAZOP）应用现况进行分析,阐明该方法的优点及目前中国石化在应用过程中存在的问题,并提出推广建议。     

A critique of the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study

Conventional wisdom holds that the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is the most thorough and complete process hazard analysis (PHA) method. Arguably, it is the most commonly-used PHA method in the world today. However, the HAZOP study is not without its weaknesses, many of which are not generally recognized. This article provides a critique of the method to assist study teams in compensating for them to the extent possible and to help guide the development of improved methods.     

Safety study of an LNG regasification plant using an FMECA and HAZOP integrated methodology

A safety analysis was performed to determine possible accidental events in the storage system used in the liquefied natural gas regasification plant using the integrated application of failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) and hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) methodologies. The goal of the FMECA technique is the estimation of component failure modes and their major effects, whereas HAZOP is a structured and systematic technique that provides an identification of the hazards and the operability problems using logical sequences of cause-deviation-consequence of process parameters. The proposed FMECA and HAZOP integrated analysis (FHIA) has been designed as a tool for the development of specific criteria for reliability and risk data organisation and to gain more recommendations than those typically provided by the application of a single methodology. This approach has been applied to the risk analysis of the LNG storage systems under construction in Porto Empedocle, Italy. The results showed that FHIA is a useful technique to better and more consistently identify the potential sources of human errors, causal factors in faults, multiple or common cause failures and correlation of cause-consequence of hazards during the various steps of the process.     

An extended HAZOP analysis approach with dynamic fault tree

An extended hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis approach with dynamic fault tree is proposed to identify potential hazards in chemical plants. First, the conventional HAZOP analysis is used to identify the possible fault causes and consequences of abnormal conditions, which are called deviations. Based on HAZOP analysis results, hazard scenario models are built to explicitly represent the propagation pathway of faults. With the quantitative analysis requirements of HAZOP analysis and the time-dependent behavior of real failure events considered, the dynamic fault tree (DFT) analysis approach is then introduced to extend HAZOP analysis. To simplify the quantitative calculation, the DFT model is solved with modularization approach in which a binary decision diagram (BDD) and Markov chain approach are applied to solve static and dynamic subtrees, respectively. Subsequently, the occurrence probability of the top event and the probability importance of each basic event with respect to the top event are determined. Finally, a case study is performed to verify the effectiveness of the approach. Results indicate that compared with the conventional HAZOP approach, the proposed approach does not only identify effectively possible fault root causes but also quantitatively determines occurrence probability of the top event and the most likely fault causes. The approach can provide a reliable basis to improve process safety.     

计算机辅助HAZOP技术的研究

在HAZOP原理的基础上,讨论了计算机辅助HAZOP技术的优势,并针对传统的HAZOP、基于深层知识模型SDG的计算机辅助HAZOP和应用PHA-Pro软件3种方法进行了分析和比较;介绍了研发成功的针对开、停车过程和应急阶段顺序颠倒、操作步骤遗漏的人工误操作危险与可操作性分析系统MO-HAZOP;该系统具有定量计算出所有的人工误操作顺序组合的发生概率值,结合现有知识和专家经验,判定事件发生的风险等级,从而有重点地给出预防危险、保障生产安全的建议的功能;MO-HAZOP分析系统对于石化企业的安全生产具有重要意义。     

Safety lessons and reflections following incinerator vent commissioning in a chemical plant; a case study of a complex socio-technical system

In a bulk chemical plant producing resins, a flashback from an incinerator through the vent system into the reactor hall occurred during commissioning of a newly installed vent header system. The original design of the vent header system was seriously flawed not being in line with current practice. Subsequently the vent header was re-designed into a rich/lean vent header system. This paper explores the reasons behind a number of incidents and near misses that occurred during both the commissioning of a vent header system and its recommissioning following system re-design. Furthermore, it reflects on some broader implications for approaches to safety around what can be recognised as complex socio-technical systems.     

国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理概述

国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理范畴主要包括PHA、MOC、RA/RM、事故调查、其他工艺安全管理工具等。本文主要介绍了国外化工企业常规工艺安全技术管理MOC———变更管理的概念、流程,临时MOC、MSR、PSSR等概念及流程。PHA———工艺危险性分析是国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理核心,主要应用于大型或复杂项目,重点详述了工艺危险性分析的流程、步骤以及四种常用的危险识别方法———HAZOP、SCA、What-If、FEMA的概念、主要步骤、分析过程及主要优点。一旦工艺危险被分析识别后,阐述了如何运用风险评估和风险管理（RA/RM）步骤、后果等级、频率评价、风险等级矩阵和风险降低的主要方法,如何采用故障树FTA和事件树ETA两种不同的方法测算各种事件或故障发生的概率以及事故的后果等级,最后介绍了故障树FTA和事件树ETA的主要步骤和方法。