Integration of safety instrumented system with automated HAZOP analysis: An application for continuous biodiesel production

Integration of a human-machine interface (HMI) with hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is proposed in this work. This concept can potentially lead to the identification of some unexpected deviations, and radically decreases the time necessary for hazard identification. A continuous biodiesel production was simulated. This can be divided into two cases, covering both conventional and reactive distillation. Soybean oil (trioleic, trilinoleic and tripalmitic) at 1000 kg/h as raw material is converted to 99 wt% pure biodiesel. The HMI was designed to improve these processes by combining automatic HAZOP analysis. With this approach, users can receive sufficient information from the simulation to analyze the optimum operation and safety. Severity levels are also provided to classify the actions in the process. Severity levels 1 and 2 are concerned with operating conditions, which are 58-64 °C, and 50-150 kPa. If the analysis shows severity level 3, the safety instrumented system (SIS) will automatically manage the operation in order to reduce/restrain the amount of damage at this level. This proposed system could minimize the damage and also improve the overall quality of the process.     

HAZOP和LOPA集成风险评估技术研究

介绍和总结了危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)、保护层分析(LOPA)两种方法的特点和它们之间的关系。对于HAZOP分析识别出来的重大事故场景,进一步采取半定量的LOPA分析方法加以补充和完善,确定装置设置的保护层是否足够。最后以加氢反应进料加热炉为例,说明通过两种分析方法数据和信息的共享,提高石油化工企业风险评估的客观性和准确性。     

HAZOP分析在润滑油糠醛精制装置的应用

通过糠醛精制装置HAZOP分析,提出相应的安全改进建议。HAZOP分析研究结果,对于装置的日常生产与维护以及装置的安全管理提供了良好的指导作用。     

HAZOP技术在硫磺回收联合装置的应用

介绍了HAZOP技术应用的有关法规要求和技术要点,并将该技术应用于在役硫磺回收联合装置,系统识别了装置存在的工艺危险和可操作性问题,利用风险矩阵评估了事故场景的风险等级,提出了建议措施。     

HAZOP在封闭式地面火炬设计上的应用

运用HZAOP分析方法,对封闭式地面火炬进行风险辨识,以某地面火炬为例,系统分析了泄放气流量、液含量、烟气出口温度、火炬筒体温度、火焰高度、燃烧状态、噪声等控制参数有意义的偏差、可能的原因、可能导致的后果,并针对高风险的偏差提出建议措施。分析结果表明,HAZOP应用于封闭式地面火炬设计,能系统地辨识地面火炬中存在的安全隐患,有助于提高装置的本质安全。     

HFL模型在海上压裂工艺过程风险评估中的应用

为有效降低海上压裂工艺过程事故发生的可能性,建立将危险与可操作性研究(HAZOP)、事故树分析(FTA)和保护层分析(LOPA)集成的量化风险评估模型(HFL模型)。阐述HFL模型的集成机理和分析流程。以海上压裂工艺过程高压管线危险性分析为实例,开展该模型的研究与应用。在运用HAZOP方法对危险源初步辨识基础上,构建高压管线超压的蝴蝶结模型(BTM),确定导致事故发生的9种风险因素和5种事故后果,并估算高压管线断裂事故场景的初始事件概率和剩余事故风险。结果表明,现有的独立保护层(IPL)即超压电子保护装置无法使事故风险达到可接受水平,需要通过增加新的IPL,即安装井口保护装置和泄压装置,提高压裂过程高压管线运行的可靠性,确保剩余事故风险处于可接受水平。     

Fault propagation behavior study and root cause reasoning with dynamic Bayesian network based framework

The Bhopal disaster was a gas leak incident in India, considered the world's worst industrial disaster happened around process facilities. Nowadays the process facilities in petrochemical industries have becoming increasingly large and automatic. There are many risk factors with complex relationships among them. Unfortunately, some operators have poor access to abnormal situation management experience due to the lack of knowledge. However these interdependencies are seldom accounted for in current risk and safety analyses, which also belonged to the main factor causing Bhopal tragedy. Fault propagation behavior of process system is studied in this paper, and a dynamic Bayesian network based framework for root cause reasoning is proposed to deal with abnormal situation. It will help operators to fully understand the relationships among all the risk factors, identify the causes that lead to the abnormal situations, and consider all available safety measures to cope with the situation. Examples from a case study for process facilities are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It also provides a method to help us do things better in the future and to make sure that another such terrible accident never happens again.     

HAZOP风险分析方法

HAZOP风险分析方法是在传统HAZOP技术上发展起来的风险评价技术,文章对HAZOP风险分析要点和步骤做了介绍.     

操作规程HAZOP分析技术原理与应用分析

目前国内外危险与可操作(HAZOP)分析方法主要用于工艺过程风险分析,而很多伤害事故是由于人员操作过程出现偏差引起的,采用头脑风暴式的HAZOP分析可对操作规程安全性进行系统全面的系统化的审查.结合实例对比分析了操作规程HAZOP分析与工艺过程HAZOP分析的差异,对操作步骤与引导词的关系、分析成员差别、操作规程HAZOP分析风险等级确定和分析重心等问题等进行了研究分析.     

在役装置HAZOP的应用分析及问题探讨

HAZOP分析方法已经在国内的石化企业得到了广泛应用,其分析方法已经被大家熟知,但仍有很多人对HAZOP方法存在某些片面的理解,这在一定程度上影响了HAZOP分析的效果.首先以丙烷脱沥青装置进行的HAZOP分析为案例,介绍了HAZOP分析对于在役装置工艺安全管理的意义.进而,根据HAZOP分析方法的特点及不足以及HAZOP准备阶段出现的问题,讨论了如何完善分析效果、强化分析作用,从而使HAZOP分析更好地服务于在役装置工艺安全管理.