以粉煤灰为原料制备低温CO2吸附剂的工艺参数优化

利用高铝粉煤灰预脱硅液作为载体原料,通过使用胺基化合物对载体改性制备低温CO_2吸附剂.应用6 sigma中的工具,对制备工艺进行优化,得到理想的吸附剂,并对吸附剂样品进行表征.结果表明制备的CO_2吸附剂表现出良好的CO_2吸附性能.此类CO_2吸附剂具有吸附容量高(160 mg·g~(-1))、吸附速率快、对设备腐蚀低、成本低廉等特点,是一种极具工业应用潜力的CO_2吸附剂.     

MDEA-TETA混合液捕集电厂烟气中CO2的实验研究

分别以MDEA溶液和MDEA-TETA混合液为吸收剂对电厂烟气中的CO_2进行捕集.在相同的实验条件下,研究了吸收时间、吸收液浓度配比和反应温度对CO_2吸收率的影响,并对两种吸收剂的吸收效果进行对比分析.结果表明:吸收效率随着温度的升高而下降,温度低于45℃时,混胺吸收剂MDEA-TETA的吸收效率受温度的影响显著,温度高于45℃时,单一吸收剂MDEA的活化性能大幅度增强.MDEA-TETA混合液中两种胺的配比为6∶1,反应温度在25~65℃内,反应时间在5~20 min内时CO_2的吸收效果较佳,吸收率达90%以上,不同配比的混胺吸收剂的吸收效果均优于MDEA的吸收效果.     

GC-MS和GC-ECD同时在线观测本底大气中的HCFC-142b

2010年5月～2011年5月,利用自组装气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)和气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)在线观测系统,在北京上甸子区域大气本底站开展了二氟一氯乙烷(HCFC-142b)在线观测对比实验,GC-MS和GC-ECD系统分析精度分别为0.23%和0.88%.观测期间HCFC-142b浓度变化范围约为21×10-12～355×10-12;通过独立样本T检验P>0.05,表明两种方法获得的HCFC-142b浓度数据无显著性差异;对两套系统观测浓度数据的差值分析表明,造成两套系统观测浓度间微小差别的主要因素是空气样品时间分辨率和观测精度.利用局部近似回归法进行本底值筛分,GC-MS和GC-ECD法获得的本底浓度均值差、中值差、25和75百分位数值差均优于系统观测精度.两种方法捕获HCFC-142b污染过程一致,污染浓度均具有夏秋高冬低的特点;两种方法观测HCFC-142b污染浓度的年变化趋势一致.     

电厂二氧化碳捕集研究现状及展望

碳捕集作为碳减排重要技术之一,大体分为吸附法、吸收法、膜技术及生物法等,其中吸收法为CO2捕集主流技术。针对电厂尾部烟气特征,开发具有高选择性、高效率并适合电厂尾部烟气CO2捕集的技术,研究相关CO2捕集技术的物理化学及多污染物调控机制是未来电厂CO2捕集技术的发展方向之一。     

Study on the failure mechanism of potassium-based sorbent for CO2 capture and the improving measure

With thermogravimetric apparatus (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and barium sulfate gravimetric methods, the carbonation reactivities of K₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ in the simulated flue gases with SO₂ are investigated and the reaction equations are inferred. Results show that there are KHCO₃ and K₂SO₃ generated. The generation K₂SO₃ reduces the utilization ratio of the sorbent. H₂O may accelerates the sulfation reaction of AR K₂CO₃ as K₄H₂(CO₃)₃·1.5H₂O is generated in the reaction among K₂CO₃, SO₂ and H₂O. K₂SO₃ is directly generated from sulfation reaction of K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃, because there are K₂CO₃·1.5H₂O and K₂SO₃ generated in the reaction among K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃, SO₂ and H₂O. K₂CO₃·1.5H₂O does not react with SO₂, and K₂CO₃·1.5H₂O/Al₂O₃ reacts with SO₂ slowly. Compare with the reaction process without H₂O pretreatment, the reaction rates of KAl30 increased after H₂O pretreatment and the failure ratio is about a half of that without H₂O pretreatment. So, K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ shows good carbonation and anti-sulfation characteristic after H₂O pretreatment.     

Experimental measurement and modeling of the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia

In this work, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent has been studied by applying a newly built wetted wall column. The absorption rate in aqueous ammonia was measured at temperatures from 279 to 304 K for 1 to 10 wt% aqueous ammonia with loadings varying from 0 to 0.8 mol CO₂/mol NH₃. The absorption rate in 30 wt% aqueous mono-ethanolamine (MEA) was measured at 294 and 314 K with loadings varying from 0 to 0.4 as comparison.It was found that at 304 K, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by 10 wt% NH₃ solvent was comparable to the rates for 30 wt% MEA at 294 and 314 K (a typical absorption temperature for this process). The absorption rate using ammonia was however significantly lower at temperatures of 294 K and lower as applied in the Chilled Ammonia Process. However, at these low temperatures, the rate of absorption in ammonia has only a small temperature dependency.The rate of absorption decreases strongly with decreasing ammonia concentrations and increasing CO₂ loadings.The rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent was modeled using the measurements of the unloaded solutions and the zwitter-ion mechanism. The model could successfully predict the experimental measurements of the absorption rate of CO₂ in loaded ammonia solutions.     

胺基碳捕集工艺过程中VOCs排放与迁移

胺基碳捕集工艺是燃烧后CO_2捕集的主要方法,是目前工业上降低CO_2排放的有效措施,但会导致其他污染物的排放,如胺溶剂蒸发、降解产物(硝胺、亚硝胺等)挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放。在总结前人研究成果基础上探讨了胺基碳捕集工艺释放VOCs的排放过程,对VOCs扩散与迁移模型进行系统总结和分析,为CO_2捕集工程的安全设计和环境评价提供可借鉴的经验与思路。     

Development of a hybrid photo-bioreactor and nanoparticle adsorbent system for the removal of CO2 , and selected organic and metal co-pollutants

Fossil fuel combustion and many industrial processes generate gaseous emissions that contain a number of toxic organic pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO₂) which contribute to climate change and atmospheric pollution. There is a need for green and sustainable solutions to remove air pollutants, as opposed to conventional techniques which can be expensive, consume additional energy and generate further waste. We developed a novel integrated bioreactor combined with recyclable iron oxide nano/micro-particle adsorption interfaces, to remove CO_2, and undesired organic air pollutants using natural particles, while generating oxygen. This semi-continuous bench-scale photo-bioreactor was shown to successfully clean up simulated emission streams of up to 45% CO₂ with a conversion rate of approximately 4% CO₂ per hour, generating a steady supply of oxygen (6 mmol/hr), while nanoparticles effectively remove several undesired organic by-products. We also showed algal waste of the bioreactor can be used for mercury remediation. We estimated the potential CO₂ emissions that could be captured from our new method for three industrial cases in which, coal, oil and natural gas were used. With a 30% carbon capture system, the reduction of CO₂ was estimated to decrease by about 420,000, 320,000 and 240,000 metric tonnes, respectively for a typical 500 MW power plant. The cost analysis we conducted showed potential to scale-up, and the entire system is recyclable and sustainable. We further discuss the implications of usage of this complete system, or as individual units, that could provide a hybrid option to existing industrial setups.