基于健康风险的三氯杀螨醇生产设备表面污染物筛选值推算的初步研究

运用确定性和概率性人体健康风险评估的方法,推算一般工业暴露情景和拆卸清理暴露情景下三氯杀螨醇生产设备表面污染物的筛选值.结果表明:p,p'-滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴滴和p,p'-滴滴依基于确定性风险评估的设备表面筛选值在一般工业暴露情景下分别为0.224 mg/m2、0.214 mg/m2和0.151 mg/m2,在拆卸...     

外秦淮河底泥释放对上覆水水质的影响

通过静态模拟实验，分析了外秦淮河底泥中释放出的与黑臭有关的DO、COD、NH3-N对上覆水水质的影响。上覆水中COD质量浓度是前4d呈下降趋势，至第11d基本稳定；NH3-N质量浓度是前4d呈上升趋势，至第11d趋于稳定；DO质量浓度是从开始实验时的7mg/L左右，很快下降至第11d的1mg/L以下才基本稳定。结果表明，外秦淮河底泥释放对上覆水水质有一定影响，并且这种释放有明显的梯度效应。     

基于BAT-OOPN理论的煤电机组超低排放限值研究

应用由经典Petri网发展而来的面向对象Petri网的理论和方法,将Petri网移植引入绥电超低排放(BAT)工艺中,对绥电超低排放(BAT)数值模拟进行研究。结果表明,在置信水平为99%时,颗粒物、SO2、NOx的浓度正态分布均值置信区间为颗粒物(4.0,4.9),SO2(10.9,14.2),NOx(35.1,39.1);最佳排放质量浓度为:颗粒物1.7 mg/m^3,SO22.0 mg/m^3,NOx19.8 mg/m^3;最差排放质量浓度为:颗粒物7.5 mg/m^3,SO231.0 mg/m^3,NOx47.9 mg/m^3。根据最佳排放浓度指出污染物削减潜力以及绥电减排的空间,可以根据最差排放浓度进行污染源预警;依据仿真结果并结合现有的排放标准,拟定燃煤电厂超低排放限值为颗粒物5.0mg/m^3,SO215 mg/m^3,NOx40 mg/m^3。     

楼梯间电动车火灾数值模拟研究

楼梯井电动车火灾呈典型的烟囱效应现象,短暂燃烧,浓烟迅猛,往往危害很大。模拟结合全尺寸实验结果,基于FDS软件对电动车在楼梯井内燃烧进行动态仿真,相关数据进行对比分析。研究结果表明:物理实验数据与数值模拟数据比较吻合,楼梯间平均温度370℃左右,最高温度超过1 000℃,楼梯间浓烟毒性很大;火焰卷吸处上方的无量纲温度随楼梯井竖直高度的增加而减小,同一区域的近墙处温度较高;火灾后期在喷淋作用下,CO浓度在火灾熄灭阶段有所增加。     

基于SD-ABMS方法的航空应急医疗转运任务仿真系统

为解决我国航空应急医疗转运演练成本高昂及我国航空医疗转运任务执行机理相关研究不足的问题,依据真实的医疗转运场景,抽象出病患、飞行员、医护、机务、医院负责人、安保、环境等共16种Agent和详细的医疗转运流程;使用ABMS方法对各Agent的离散行为及Agent间的协同行为进行建模,使用SD方法对各Agent的连续行为进行建模, 从微观视角刻画并实现航空应急医疗转运任务仿真模型,并基于Anylogic实现航空应急医疗转运任务系统可视化原型。研究结果展示了航空应急医疗转运任务执行机理,可降低相关演练成本,也可为航空应急医疗转运实时任务评估提供支持。     

多因素下开洞口煤仓风致积雪CFD模拟及拟合研究

为解决结构设计时开洞口圆形煤仓表面无法确定荷载分布系数问题,使用计算流体力学软件研究了开洞口煤仓不同跨度下风向角、积雪厚度及矢跨比变化下屋面积雪不均匀分布情况,提出了针对此种特殊结构的屋面积雪值拟合公式。研究结果表明:此公式拟合准确度高,屋面积雪值随风向角和积雪厚度增大而变大,风向角对积雪值影响极大,矢跨比影响下屋面积雪值变化较为复杂,且风向角和矢跨比2种参数相互影响,不应单一考虑矢跨比对球壳屋面积雪值的影响。     

烧结烟气SCR脱硝系统的数值模拟及工程验证

对某钢厂烧结机增设的选择性催化还原（SCR）烟气脱硝系统进行了数值模拟优化及工程验证。将高温焦炉烟气喷入烧结烟气后,喷氨格栅入口平均温度提高了30 K,为催化剂层的SCR反应提供了较适宜的温度。采用分别在烟道弯头处和反应器主体入口处添加导流板的方法解决了烟气回流问题,SCR反应器第一层催化剂入口处速度最大偏转角降为8.2°,氨与NO_x摩尔比的标准偏差系数降至4.11%,SCR反应器脱硝率为82.6%,均达到技术标准要求。     

田湾核电温排水遥感监测与数模一致性分析

利用温度反演和数值模拟的方法,对田湾核电站航天遥感测量和数值模拟结果作对比分析。结果显示:遥感监测和数值模拟结果在田湾核电站附近海域的海面温度场羽迹展布方向、不同季节大小潮型、潮态规律上都是相似的,只是在规模和数量上存在着一定差异,两者可以相互验证。     

Analysis of mechanics of side impact test defined in UN/ECE Regulation 129

Objective: This article discusses differences between a side impact procedure described in United Nations/Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) Regulation 129 and scenarios observed in real-world cases.

Methods: Numerical simulations of side impact tests utilizing different boundary conditions are used to compare the severity of the Regulation 129 test and the other tests with different kinematics of child restraint systems (CRSs). In the simulations, the authors use a validated finite element (FE) model of real-world CRSs together with a fully deformable numerical model of the Q3 anthropomorphic test device (ATD) by Humanetics Innovative Solution, Inc.

Results: The comparison of 5 selected cases is based on the head injury criterion (HIC) index. Numerical investigations reveal that the presence of oblique velocity components or the way in which the CRS is mounted to the test bench seat fixture is among the significant factors influencing ATD kinematics. The results of analyses show that the side impact test procedure is very sensitive to these parameters. A side impact setup defined in Regulation 129 may minimize the effects of the impact.

Conclusions: It is demonstrated that an artificial anchorage in the Regulation 129 test does not account for a rotation of the CRS, which should appear in the case of a realistic anchorage. Therefore, the adopted procedure generates the smallest HIC value, which is at the level of the far-side impact scenario where there are no obstacles. It is also shown that the presence of nonlateral acceleration components challenges the quality of a CRS and its headrest much more than a pure lateral setup.     

The combined effects of on-road and simulator training with feedback on older drivers' on-road performance: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Objective: A number of training programs that seek to improve driving performance among older drivers are available accompanied by a growing interest in their effectiveness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the combined effect of (1) basic in-class training (BT); (2) on-road training with individualized feedback (OR); and (3) training on a driving simulator (S).

Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial study design, 78 older drivers were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (BT, BT + OR, or BT + OR + S). All participants completed a pre- and postintervention on-road driving evaluation on a standardized route. The driving evaluations were recorded using video and Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and were scored by a blind assessor.

Results: The results indicated a significant reduction of approximately 30% in overall number of driving errors/omissions among participants in the BT + OR and the BT + OR + S groups in comparison to participants in the BT group.

Conclusions: This study adds to the mounting evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of individualized driver training in improving safe driving among older adults.