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991.
992.
针对城市生活垃圾焚烧(MSWI)过程中二(口恶)英类的生成机制以及焚烧飞灰的组成,研究了MSWI飞灰中常见的钙化合物(CaO,Ca(OH)2,CaCl2,CaSO4及Ca(NO3)2)对前生体五氯酚(PCP)及六氯苯(HCB)生成二(口恶)英类的阻滞作用.结果表明,280℃下加热2 h,Ca(NO3)2,Ca(OH)2和CaO对PCP生成二(口恶)英类的总阻滞效率分别为93.7%,80.4%和98.9%,而CaCl2和CaSO4几乎没有效果.CaO对PCP和HCB混合物生成二(口恶)英类物质同样具有良好的阻滞效果.另外,探讨了上述钙化合物对PCP及HCB生成二(口恶)英类的阻滞作用机理. 相似文献
993.
兰格缪尔等温式的适用性分析——以黄土吸持铜离子为例 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
在不同土壤浓度条件下进行了黄土对铜离子的等温吸持实验(包括吸附与沉淀)。利用兰格缪尔(Langmuir)等温式对实验结果进行拟合时发现:黄土对铜离子的吸持结果在形式上仍可用传统的Langmuir等温式来描述,但式中的相关参数已经不再具有原来的物理意义。本文分析了Langmuir等温式在黄土对铜离子吸持时的适用性,指出其参数变化与铜离子的吸附关系不大,而与沉淀密切相关。 相似文献
994.
重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd在水稻植株中的富集和分布 总被引:103,自引:0,他引:103
研究了外源可溶性重金属进入水稻土环境后,在水稻植株中的迁移、在水稻植株不同部位的分布及其分布随时间的变化。在水稻生长季节,重金属在水稻植株中迁移能力的大小依次为:Cd,Cr>Zn,Cu>Pb。重金属在水稻植株不同部位的积累分布是:根部>根基茎>主茎>穗>籽实>叶部。水稻分蘖期重金属在根部、茎干部和叶片的积累量达到最大,随着时间的延长,在根部积累的重金属愈来愈少;在茎干部积累的重金属在拔节期降至最小,随后含量又稍微上升;叶片上的重金属含量在拔节期迅速下降,随后趋于稳定。 相似文献
995.
水溶液中硝基苯的超声微电场降解 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
研究了超声微电场中硝基苯的降解过程,并探讨了降解机理及反应历程。结果表明,硝基苯的降解符合拟一级反应,超声与微电场的耦合协同作用大大提高了硝基苯的降解效率,在槽电压10V条件下,协同作用的降解速率比简单加和作用的速率高一倍以上,经过30min协同处理后可以获得93.8%的去除率,而溶液中饱和气体种类等对降民产生一定的影响,经紫外和SMPE-GC-MS分析,推断硝基苯在电超声场作用下存在氧化还原反应与热解、自由基作用等协同作用。主要中间降解产物为苯胺、偶氮苯、1-氧,2-苯基-二氮烯、1,2-苯二甲酸二丁酯、1,2-苯二甲酸丁酯异丁酯等,最终产物为CO2、水及无机盐类。 相似文献
996.
997.
天津污灌区土壤中多环芳烃的提取、净化和测定 总被引:51,自引:1,他引:51
研究了天津污灌区严重污染土壤中 1 6种多环芳烃的提取和测定方法 .考察了加速溶剂提取的提取条件、样品净化方法和GC MS测定条件 .结果表明 ,在 1 4 0℃用1∶1二氯甲烷和丙酮提取 5min ,硅胶柱净化后用GC MS测定可以得到很好的效果 .方法回收率在 5 7%— 1 4 0 %之间 ,检测限为 3 5× 1 0 - 4— 1 1× 1 0 - 3 mg·l- 1,且重现性较好 .天津代表性污灌水稻土中 1 6种PAHs的实测浓度为 0 0 7— 1 2 7mg·kg- 1. 相似文献
998.
Preferences of six leaf beetle species among qualitatively different leaf age classes of three Salicaceous host species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Arsi Ikonen 《Chemoecology》2002,12(1):23-28
Summary. As Salicaceous plants produce new leaves for a prolonged period of time, they expose a wide range of differentially aged
leaves to herbivores during the growing season. In this work, I show that young leaves of three Salicaceous species, Populus tremula L., Salix phylicifolia L. and S. pentandra L., contain more nitrogen than conspecific old leaves. In P. tremula and S. pentandra young leaves also contained more low-molecular weight secondary compounds, phenolic glucosides. Leaves of S. phylicifolia did not contain phenolic glucosides in detectable amounts. Furthermore, in P. tremula and S. pentandra young leaves contained less polymeric digestability-reducing phenolics, condensed tannins, than old leaves. In S. phylicifolia, higher concentrations of condensed tannins were found in young leaves. In laboratory feeding trials with six leaf beetle
species, young leaves of the studied plants were invariably preferred in all tested herbivore × host species combinations.
In particular, it is remarkable that three leaf beetle species with known different overall relationships to phenolic glucosides
equally preferred more glucoside-containing young S. pentandra leaves over conspecific old ones. Four beetle species were found to prefer young leaves of S. phylicifolia despite the higher content of condensed tannins in young leaves. These results indicate that the general preference of leaf
beetles for young leaves of Salicaceous plants probably does not primarily result from variable distribution of secondary
compounds. Apparently, the preference for young leaves is fundamentally due to variation in leaf nutritive traits, such as
nitrogen content.
Received 9 February 2001. 相似文献
999.
Ordered parameter problems arise in a wide variety of real world situations and are dealt with extensively in the literature. Traditional frequentist methods for dealing with these problems are rather complicated theoretically, especially when sample sizes are small. Bayesian methods are not widely used because high dimensional numerical integration is often required. However, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods provide alternatives to such numerical integration and also deal with ordered parameter problems in a straightforward manner. Little is known about the situation where functions of parameters are ordered. Such problems may seem to be of little practical concern initially, but one can readily see their importance in situations where ordering is placed on the means and variances of several normal or Gamma populations. For the Gamma distribution we will present real examples where we will analyze monthly precipitation data from San Francisco, California and Oakland Mills, Iowa. For the San Francisco data we will simultaneously order both monthly precipitation means and variances. For the Iowa data we will place ordering on seasonal average while still estimating monthly means. Our results show that we would obtain sharper, more accurate inference when order restrictions are employed. 相似文献
1000.
Toshiharu Akino 《Chemoecology》2002,12(2):83-89
Summary. The myrmecophilous beetles, Zyras comes (Staphylinidae) and Diaritiger fossulatus (Pselaphidae) are guests of the black shining ant Lasius fuliginosus. Host worker ants never attacked these beetles, and often gave regurgitant to Z. comes following tactile communication with the beetle. By contrast, the workers from colonies without the myrmecophiles showed
hostile responses towards Z. comes before tactile contact, but were not aware of D. fossulatus until contact. In L. fuliginosus, workers within a colony shared profiles, but the profiles differed among colonies. GC analyses showed that both Z. comes and D. fossulatus beetles had the same hydrocarbons as L. fuliginosus, and the profiles were more similar to those of the host colony workers than the foreign workers. Both Z. comes and D. fossulatus appear to imitate the hydrocarbon profile of their host workers, allowing integrating into the host nest. A Y-maze bioassay
indicated that Z. comes can follow the trail pheromone of L. fuliginosus. This suggests that Z. comes may detect other chemical signals of L. fuliginosus to keep closer interactions with the workers.
Received 22 June 2001; accepted 12 November 2001. 相似文献