基于LandsatTM影像的武汉市热岛效应研究

采用定量遥感与GIS相结合的方法,利用武汉市2006年TM遥感影像,定量分析武汉市植被指数和热岛效应的关系和空间分布。在空间剖面上,研究了植被指数（NDVI）与地表辐射温度的关系并对植被指数（NDVI）与地表辐射温度进行了回归拟合。在此基础上,研究了武汉市热岛空间分布,解释了武汉市热岛等级空间分布的特点。研究结果表明：植被指数（NDVll与地表辐射温度存在着明显的负相关性;随着植被覆盖的变化,城市建设用地的地表辐射温度明显比其他土地类型敏感;城市中工业区和人口活动密集的商业区热岛强度高;水体和绿地对于分割城市热岛和缓解热岛效应有显著作用。该研究可为城市生态规划、用地合理布局等提供参考。     

Effects of an invasive ant on land snails in the Ogasawara Islands

We investigated how Pheidole megacephala has affected endemic achatinellid snails because these snails are excellent indicators of the impact of ants and they have high conservation value in Ogasawara. In 2015 we surveyed the Minamizaki area of Hahajima Island of Ogasawara, designated a core zone of the World Heritage Site, for P. megacephala. In Minamizaki, we determined the distribution and density of achatinellid snails in 2015 and compared these data with their distribution and density in 2005. Land cover in the survey area was entirely forest. We also tested whether P. megacephala preyed on achatinellid snails in the laboratory. P. megacephala was present in the forested areas of Minamizaki. Achatinellid snails were absent in 19 of 39 sites where P. megacephala was present, whereas in other areas densities of the snails ranged from 2 to 228 individuals/site. In the laboratory, P. megacephala carried 6 of 7 achatinellid snails and a broken shell was found. Snail distribution and density comparisons and results of the feeding experiments suggest that the presence of P. megacephala has contributed to the decline of achatinellid snails in forests in the survey area. Yet, P. megacephala is not on the official list of invasive non‐native species. Stakeholders using the list of invasive species to develop conservation programs should recognize that invasiveness of non‐native species differs depending on the ecosystem and that official lists may not be complete.     

上海市城市热岛景观格局演变特征研究

城市热岛空间格局特征及其内在驱动机制的研究可为缓解城市热岛效应、城市规划与产业布局提供科学依据,目前这方面研究还比较少,相关机制并没有得到完全的揭示。该研究以上海市为研究对象,采用1987、1996、2002和2010年4景Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,对城市地表温度进行了反演与分级。借助景观格局指数,分析了上海市城市热岛景观格局时空演变特征。结果表明:随着1987-2010年上海市不断城市化,各级热岛景观类型斑块数量持续增加,高等级的城市热岛景观类型面积也持续增加,整个城市热岛景观趋于破碎化。热岛景观总体聚集度下降,连通性下降,但是低等级热岛景观向高等级热岛景观转移的面积逐渐增加,景观类型之间面积差异逐渐减小,景观均匀度和多样性增加。城市化过程中,人口数量的增加和经济的快速发展对城市热岛景观格局的形成和演变具有重要的影响。研究结果揭示了城市热岛格局随城市化进程的时空演变特征,可以为制定有效的热岛效应缓解措施提供参考依据。     

海南岛近岸海域溶解无机磷时空分布及富营养化

根据2016年枯水季、丰水季和平水季海南岛近岸海域表层海水现场调查资料,对该海域表层海水中溶解无机磷（DIP）的时空分布特征进行研究,评价其污染水平和营养盐结构,分析该海域富营养化程度,并探讨了研究区域DIP的主要来源及与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,海南岛近岸海域表层海水DIP的平均浓度为（0.008±0.006）mg/L,浓度范围为0.000~0.062mg/L,万宁小海海域是3个水季的主要污染区域;平水季研究海域DIP污染水平高于枯水季与丰水季;富营养化指数变化范围为0.00~3.94,平均为（0.21±0.46）,总体上海南岛近岸表层海水富营养化程度较低,但局部海域富营养化问题依然突出.     

Buoyancy and turbulence-driven atmospheric circulation over urban areas

In the buoyancy and turbulence-driven atmospheric circulations (BTDAC) that occur over urban areas where the approach means wind speeds are very low (less than turbulent fluctuations and typically < 3 m/sec), the surface temperatures are significantly higher than those in the external rural areas, and the atmosphere above the mixing layer is stably stratified. In this paper, the mechanisms of BTDAC formation are studied through laboratory experiments and modelling, with additional low-level inflow from external rural areas and a divergent outflow in the opposite direction in the upper part of the mixed layer. Strong turbulent plumes in the central region mix the flow between lower and higher levels up to the inversion height. There are shear-driven turbulent eddies and weaker buoyant plumes around the periphery of the urban area. As the approach flow is very weak, the recirculating streamlines within the dome restrict the ventilation, and the dispersion of pollution emitted from sources below the inversion height leading to a rise in the mean concentration. Low-level air entrained from rural areas can, however, improve ventilation and lower this concentration. This trend can also be improved if the recirculating structure of the BTDAC flow pattern over urban areas breaks down as a result of the surface temperature distribution not being symmetrical, or as the approach wind speed increases to a level comparable with the mean velocity of circulation, or (except near the equator) the urban area is large enough that the Coriolis acceleration is significant.     

城市“热岛”的时空分布特征与盛夏防暑降温对策

从城市“热岛”形成的原因和时空分布的特征出发 ,探讨了夏季城市防暑降温所应该采取的措施。     

无瓣海桑海滩人工林的生态影响

以东寨港自然保护区内的5年生无瓣海桑海滩人工林为研究对象。利用野外样方调查和采样分析的方法．研究了无瓣海桑人工林的营造对土壤和红树树种等的生态影响。结果表明．无瓣海桑人工林的营造。使林下土壤的结构组成得到改良．含盐量升高。pH值降低．有机质和全N．P，K含量增大。无瓣海桑人工林还促进了乡土红树树种的生长和天然更新．同时加快了陆地向海洋的拓展。经比对．无瓣海桑人工林的生态影响较14年生秋茄人工林的更为显著。     

海南岛农业土地资源可持续利用

本文分析了海南岛农业土地资源利用的优势与制约因素 ,论述了农业土地资源的特点 ,指出了农业土地资源可持续利用的对策。     

海南生态文化建设的战略

面对严重的全球性生态危机与困境，寻找新型的人与自然关系成为人类的共同呼声。时代呼唤生态文化，生态文化是人与环境和谐共处、持续生存、稳定发展的文化。是海南生态省建设的四大内容之一。从体制文化、企业文化、认知文化和心态文化4方面对海南生态文化建设战略作了探讨。     

Feral Goat Eradications on Islands

Abstract:  Introduced mammals are major drivers of extinction. Feral goats ( Capra hircus ) are particularly devastating to island ecosystems, causing direct and indirect impacts through overgrazing, which often results in ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. Removing goat populations from islands is a powerful conservation tool to prevent extinctions and restore ecosystems. Goats have been eradicated successfully from 120 islands worldwide. With newly developed technology and techniques, island size is perhaps no longer a limiting factor in the successful removal of introduced goat populations. Furthermore, the use of global positioning systems, geographic information systems, aerial hunting by helicopter, specialized hunting dogs, and Judas goats has dramatically increased efficiency and significantly reduced the duration of eradication campaigns. Intensive monitoring programs are also critical for successful eradications. Because of the presence of humans with domestic goat populations on large islands, future island conservation actions will require eradication programs that involve local island inhabitants in a collaborative approach with biologists, sociologists, and educators. Given the clear biodiversity benefits, introduced goat populations should be routinely removed from islands.