Stormwater toxicity in Chollas Creek and San Diego Bay,California

Stormwater discharges from Chollas Creek, a tributary of San Diego Bay, have been shown to be toxic to aquatic life. The primary objective of this study was to provide the linkage between in-channel measurements and potential impairments in the receiving waters of San Diego Bay. This study addressed this objective within the context of four questions: (1) How much area in San Diego Bay is affected by the discharge plume from Chollas Creek during wet-weather conditions?; (2) How much of the wet-weather discharge plume is toxic to marine aquatic life?; (3) How toxic is this area within the wet-weather discharge plume?; and (4) What are the constituent(s) responsible for the observed toxicity in the wet-weather plume? The stormwater plume emanating from Chollas Creek was dynamic, covering areas up to 2.25 km2. Approximately half of the plume was estimated to be toxic to marine life, based upon the results of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentroutus purpuratus) fertilization tests. The area nearest the creek mouth was the most toxic (NOEC = 3 to 12% plume sample), and the toxicity decreased with distance from the creek mouth. The toxicity of plume samples was directly proportional to the magnitude of plume mixing and dilution until, once outside the plume margin, no toxicity was observed. Trace metals, most likely zinc, were responsible for the observed plume toxicity based upon toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). Zinc was also the constituent identified from in-channel samples of Chollas Creek stormwater using TIEs on the storms sampled in this study, and in storms sampled during the previous storm season.     

Water quality assessment using integrated modeling and monitoring in Narva Bay, Gulf of Finland

A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic–ecological model was used for the assessment of water quality in Narva Bay during one biologically active season. Narva Bay is located in the south-eastern Gulf of Finland. Narva River with a catchment’s area covering part of Russia and Estonia discharges water and nutrients to Narva Bay. The ecological model includes phytoplankton carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, chlorophyll a, zooplankton, detritus carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and dissolved oxygen as state variables. Both the hydrodynamic and ecosystem models were validated using a limited number of measurements. The hydrodynamic model validation included comparison of time series of currents and temperature and salinity profiles. The ecological model results were compared with the monitoring data of phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved oxygen. The comparison of hydrodynamic parameters, phytoplankton biomass, surface layer total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and near-bottom layer total nitrogen was reasonable. Time series of spatially mean values and standard deviations of selected parameters were calculated for the whole Narva Bay. Combining model results and monitoring data, the characteristic concentrations of phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen and phosphorus and near-bottom dissolved oxygen were estimated. Phytoplankton biomass and total phosphorus showed seasonal variations, of 0.6–1.1 and 0.022–0.032 mg/l, respectively, during spring bloom, 0.1–0.3 and 0.015–0.025 mg/l in summer and 0.2–0.6 and 0.017–0.035 mg/l during autumn bloom. Total nitrogen and near-bottom oxygen concentrations were rather steady, being 0.25–0.35 and 2–6 mg/l, respectively. The total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations show that according to the classification of Estonian coastal waters, Narva Bay water belongs to a good water quality class.     

Metals in tissues of diamondback terrapin from New Jersey

Relatively little is known about contaminants in reptiles, particularly turtles. The distribution of metals in eggs, liverand muscle of diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) was examined from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey as part of an aquatic study to understand movement of contaminants in the bay. Lead and cadmium were relatively low in all tissues. There were significant differences among tissues for all metals, except lead. Where there were significant differences, levels werehighest in the liver, except for chromium. Levels of mercurywere 6.6 times higher in the liver than muscle, and manganeselevels were 4 times as high. The levels of metals in muscle ofdiamondback terrapin are below those that might cause effects inconsumers, including humans who eat them in stews. However, thelevel of mercury in liver is sufficiently high to be problematicfor consumers and scavengers that eat liver.     

太湖梅梁湾沉积物中有机氯农药的残留现状

采用GC/ECD分析了梅梁湾沉积物中有机氯农药的残留现状.所测样品中有机氯农药总浓度为1.78～64.74ng/g,其中,HCHs、DDTs在几乎所有采样点都有检出,含量分别是0.23～1.81ng/g、1.78～63.08ng/g.HCHs中,α-HCH与γ-HCH残留水平相当,未检出β-HCH.DDTs中p,p'DDE残留水平较高.数据表明有机氯农药中HCHs可能有新的污染源输入,DDTs在多数采样点发生好氧生物降解,与国内不同水体表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs的含量相比,梅梁湾沉积物中有机氯农药含量较低.     

浙江乐清湾海岸带地区的经济发展

海湾处于陆地和海洋交汇部位,由于开发环境优越,在人类社会发展中占有非常突出的地位.浙江乐清湾海岸带地区在经济迅速发展的同时,也面临着诸如淡水资源缺乏、海洋经济发展层次和城镇化水平偏低等问题.针对这些问题,提出了相应的调控对策和建议.     

锦州湾沉积物中重金属污染的潜在生物毒性风险评价

选择污染严重的锦州湾表层沉积物作为研究对象,运用2套由生物效应数据库法导出的沉积物质量基准(ERL/ERM和TEL/PEL)评价了锦州湾沉积物中重金属的生物毒性风险.同时与地累积指数对重金属污染的评价结果进行了比较.结果表明,潜在生物毒性风险评价和重金属污染评价所反映的结果相一致,可以相互补充和借鉴.基于生态效应数据库法的沉积物质量基准可以有效的评价重金属潜在生物毒性风险.     

胶州湾海洋微表层铜络合的容量

采用阳极溶出伏安法测定了2004年胶州湾海水微表层和次表层金属铜离子的络合容量和条件稳定常数,系统地探讨了其分布规律及其与COD、DOC、TN和TP的相关性.结果表明,胶州湾海水微表层铜络合容量有富集现象,平均值微表层为3.85×10^-7mol·L^-1,次表层为2.45×10^-7mol·L^-1,富集倍数1.56.条件稳定常数(lgK)微表层为7.21,次表层为7.21;且3月、9月微表层小于次表层,6月、12月微表层大于次表层.胶州湾铜络合容量东北部>西北部>南部>中部>湾口;且9月>6月>12月>3月.海水微表层和次表层铜络合容量与COD、DOC存在显著正相关性,而与TN、TP存在较好负相关性.     

大沽河-胶州湾段溶解有机物类腐殖质荧光特征变化

利用荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱(excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy,EEMS)技术研究了溶解有机物类腐殖质荧光特征从大沽河到胶州湾的变化及其与盐度、pH、叶绿素a、溶解有机碳、化学需氧量和碳水化合物的关系.结果表明,大沽河溶解有机物类腐殖质荧光强度较大,胶州湾溶解有机物类腐殖质荧光强度较小,大沽河是胶州湾类腐殖质荧光物质的重要来源.类腐殖质荧光强度与叶绿素a含量的相关性较差,说明浮游植物并不是大沽河类腐殖质荧光物质的主要来源.类腐殖质荧光强度与溶解有机碳、化学需氧量和碳水化合物的相关性较好,说明类腐殖质荧光物质是水体溶解有机物的重要组成部分,其分布情况一定程度地反映了水体中有机物的分布.     

胶州湾沉积物中的磷及其环境指示意义

研究了胶州湾沉积物中磷形态的地球化学分布特征、控制因素及环境意义,将胶州湾沉积物中的磷分为可交换态磷、铝结合态磷、铁结合态磷、闭蓄态磷、自生钙磷、碎屑态磷和有机磷7种不同的形态,并结合210Pb测年法计算了不同年代各形态磷的埋藏通量,在此基础上,分析了胶州湾沉积物中磷所给出的环境信息.结果表明,无机磷是胶州湾沉积物中磷的主要形态,有机磷只占较小的比例,无机磷中钙磷占的比例相对较大,其中碎屑态磷是含量最高.磷的含量及埋藏通量的垂向分布受到pH、盐度、温度、生物扰动、沉积速率等环境因子的影响.相关分析及元素的OC/OP比值分析证明,近20a,陆源输入是胶州湾沉积物主要来源,并且沉积速率不断增大.由于近年来采取的较为得力的治污与排放措施,胶州湾的环境状况已有明显改观.研究还表明,Fe-P,Al-P和Oc-P的含量与海域污染程度有较密切的关系,可作为表征海洋沉积环境污染状况的指示因子之一.     

杭州湾北岸奉贤水域大肠菌群和异养细菌的生态分布

通过2004年夏季对杭州湾奉贤水域有关微生物及其环境因子的检测,分析研究该水域大肠菌群、异养细菌的生态分布特征、污染程度及其与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明,该水域均不同程度地受大肠菌群和异养细菌的污染,其中大肠菌群在50~1700/L,属于国家二级海水,呈现近陆断面高于远陆断面的分布特征;异养细菌丰度在2.3×103~1.6×105/mL,应属于中度污染,呈现远陆断面高于近陆断面的分布特征。该水域浮游植物总数量平均值为1043.70×104/m3。通过对环境因子相关性分析发现,大肠菌群和异养细菌总数与叶绿素a有明显的正相关性,其相关系数分别为0.73和0.6179。