FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACTIVATED SLUDGE PHOSPHATE RELEASE1

The activated sludge process can remove significant amounts of phosphorus from sewage, but the removal efficiency is usually significantly reduced by the release of phosphate back to solution during subsequent treatment steps. This research presents a study of soluble phosphate release from activated sludge with emphasis on defining the factors that affect such release and the actual release mechanisms. Laboratory units were used for experimental purposes. The experiments were designed to study the relationship between soluble phosphate release and various environmental factors such as redox potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, solids concentration, solids destruction, and sulfate salt addition. The effect of substrate utilization on phosphate uptake and the relationship between uptake characteristics and subsequent phosphate release were also studied. The results show that some phosphate storage occurs during aerobic substrate utilization. Following substrate utilization, activated sludge phosphate release is directly related to the amount of biological stress the organisms are subjected to, and the mechanism of release is primarily cell lysis. The phosphate released per unit sludge under anoxic conditions is relatively constant. Under normal environmental conditions, neither ORP or pH change have a significant affect on phosphate release.     

混凝沉淀-二氧化氯氧化法处理印染废水

介绍了混凝沉淀－ＣｌＯ２氧化法处理印染废水的反应机理,工艺流程,处理效果及经济效益分析。在２个工厂的实际应用表明,该法工艺简单,操作方便,投资少,效果好。     

利用粉煤灰处理含碱污水的试验研究

为了探讨火电厂除灰水中的粉煤灰（含炉渣）对炼油厂含碱污水中石油类、ＣＯＤ(ｃｒ)等污染物的吸附处理效果,根据某单位现场情况,将炼油厂含碱污水送入火电厂除灰沟→经充分混合排入储灰场→并经长时间沉降分离的流程进行模拟试验,结果表明：由于粉煤灰的吸附作用,显著降低了炼油厂含碱污水中的石油类、ＣＯＤ(ｃｒ)、挥发酚、碳化匕物等污染物。     

中国水资源与水工业的可持续发展

可持续发展是当今世界发展的一种新模式,已成为全世纪普遍关注的热点。 可持续发展的基本观点。分析了影响我国水工业可持续发展的主要限制因素;（１）水资源写水污染严惩）水工业基础设施薄弱,传统的水工业对污染水处理难以相适应;（３）水工业管理存在多种问题。针对目前我国水资源开发利用和水工业发展２及存在的主要问题,提出了我国水工业面向可持续发展的优化对策与途径;（１）保护水源,防治水污染;（２）开源节流,节     

现代生物力学在煤矿安全科技中的应用研究

笔者根据国内外现代生物力学的发展情况 ,结合我国煤矿安全的现状 ,探讨现代生物力学在煤矿安全方面的应用 ,并提出了现代生物力学在安全科技两个方面的应用 :①研究人体结构在冲击事故的破坏极限 ,对安全帽的防护性能做简略的生物力学分析 ;②骨力———电性质的研究对骨折愈合与康复的意义。笔者提出随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展 ,煤矿安全方面的研究能否从现代生物力学在人体安全保护、骨折治疗与康复、职业病防治机理等方面的应用去研究的新思想和新方法 ,使煤矿安全的研究达到一个新的水平。     

Current and Future Strategies for Water and Wastewater Management of Istanbul City

Istanbul has experienced rapid increases in population to more than 12 million people, which has created infrastructure problems of water supply and wastewater treatment and disposal. In this article, the achievements and approaches of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) to solve the water shortage problem and to improve services are summarized. Istanbul had a very severe water shortage problem in 1994 because of ignorance of the implementation of the needed projects. After reviewing the reasons and causes of the problem, new priority criteria adopted after 1994 are given. Following the implementation of the projects determined according to the aforementioned criteria, water supplied has exceeded the water demand. The added capacity is equal to one to three times of the capacity built up to 1994 for water treatment, service reservoirs, pumping stations, transmission lines, and the water distribution network; water quality has been improved the meet local and international potable water standards. Unaccounted for water has been reduced from 60% to 27%. The percentage of treated wastewater has been increased from 10% to 90% in 8 years, resulting in drastic improvements and rehabilitation of the Golden Horn and coastal water quality. Through improved customer services, complaints were reduced from 33% in 1994 to 0.3%. Some of the main criteria and the approaches behind this success are summarized. Published online     

高效藻类塘在污水处理中的研究及应用前景

高效藻类塘是在传统稳定塘的基础上发展起来的极具推广价值的污水处理技术。它具有停留时间短,水深浅,对氮磷的去除效果好的特点。本文阐述了高效藻类塘的特点、影响因素及去除机理,并展望了其应用前景。     

对铁碳处理硝基酚废水的研究

铁碳降解水中难降解有机污染物的影响因素、最佳工艺参数及处理效果;初步探讨了氧化降解污染物的作用机理;通过分析污染物降解的中间产物,提出了污染物降解的可能途径.探讨了pH、铁碳用量、温度以及锰矿物的粒径等对处理效果的影响,在最佳的工艺条件下,CODCr的去除率达到95%以上,TOC测定表明：大部分硝基酚被氧化降解为H2O和CO2.对硝基酚的降解途径主要是微电解将对硝基酚还原为对氨基酚,对氨基酚在酸性条件下被软锰矿氧化为H2O和CO2做探索性研究.     

高效生物处理技术在炼油厂碱渣废水处理中的应用

结合大港石化实际情况,在详细介绍柴油碱渣应用QBR高效生物处理技术取得成功的基础上,提出酸化回收粗酚或环烷酸并配套QBR、QBF等高效生物处理技术处理各种碱渣的新型工艺路线。经QBR处理后,出水COD去除率可达97%以上,石油类和挥发酚的去除率可达98%以上,硫化物去除率在99%以上。该技术的成功应用解决了困扰石化公司多年的碱渣废水处理的老大难问题,为炼厂碱渣废水乃至高浓度有机废水的处理开辟了一条新的途径。     

废钻井液固化实验研究

利用经实验筛选的固化剂配方对废钻井液进行了固化处理的室内配方研究。结果表明,经该固化剂配方处理后的固结材料在水中浸泡5d后的浸出液在色度、化学需氧量、pH值、石油类、悬浮物含量和重金属含量等指标方面可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的二级标准。