辽东湾东部砂岸严重蚀退及其原因分析

辽东湾东部砂岸属冰后期淤长岸。近些年来遭到强烈侵蚀。不仅岬角、平直砂岸在蚀退．连一向稳定的湾内淤长岸也在转侵后退。目前，调查区１００ｋｍ海岸约有２／３的岸段出现严重蚀退现象，不少岸段年蚀退率已超过６ｍ．有的沿海公路多次内迁，引起沙滩粗化、泻湖水量加大、海水倒灌、土地咸化等一系列严重灾害。     

Significant coal combustion contribution to water-soluble brown carbon during winter in Xingtai, China: Optical properties and sources

To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), daily PM_2.5 samples in Xingtai, a small city in North China Plain (NCP), during the four seasons of 2018-2019, were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions. The light absorption at 365 nm (abs_{λ=365 nm}) displayed a strong seasonal variation with the highest value in winter (29.0±14.3 M/m), which was 3.2∼5.4-fold of that in other seasons. A strong correlation of abs_{λ=365 nm} with benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) was only observed in winter, indicating that coal combustion was the major source for BrC in the season due to the enhanced domestic heating. The mass absorbing efficiency of BrC also exhibited a similar seasonal pattern, and was found to correlate linearly with the aerosol pH, suggesting a positive effect of aerosol acidity on the optical properties and formation of BrC in the city. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that on a yearly basis the major source for BrC was biomass burning, which accounted for 34% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation (26.7%), coal combustion (21.3%) and fugitive dust (18%). However, the contribution from coal combustion was remarkably enhanced in winter, accounting for ∼40% of the total. Our work revealed that more efforts of “shifting coal to clean energy” are necessary in rural areas and small cities in NCP in order to further mitigate PM_2.5 pollution in China.     

Problems of Population Dynamics of the White-Eyed Pochard (Aythya nyrocaGuld., 1770) in the Eastern Sea of Azov Region

The long-term population dynamics of the white-eyed pochard (Aythya nyroca) in the eastern Sea of Azov region was analyzed. It was found that the local population of this species tends to decrease in size. Clutch size, egg size, reproductive behavior, intraspecific clutches, embryonic mortality, and hatching success in this population were studied. The contents of PCDD and PCDF in the eggs of waterfowl were estimated. The eggs of white-eyed pochard, compared to other waterfowl, proved to contain abnormally high concentrations of xenobiotics. Possible causes of A. nyrocapopulation decline, including the impact of superecotoxicants, are discussed.     

我国钢铁企业事故预防研究综述

为了明确我国钢铁企业事故预防的研究现状和今后研究重点,基于文献查阅,将事故预防从企业安全管理和事故诱因研究两方面进行分析,概括了我国钢铁企业安全管理模式的发展进程,并指出不同类型企业在安全管理模式方面存在的问题。归纳钢铁企业现有安全管理过程中关于管理方法、管理方式、管理目标、管理责任及管理人员方面存在的突出问题。汇总钢铁企业事故产生原因的重要分析指标,从横向和纵向两个方面分析现有文献在事故诱因方面的研究内容。最后从4个方面指出我国钢铁企业在今后事故预防中对安全管理模式及事故诱因研究应注意的主要问题。     

刍议建筑施工现场安全管理

建筑工程施工是一项多工种、多专业的复杂的系统工程,具有流动性强、周期长、受环境影响大的特点,施工现场管理的目的是有效地完成施工项目的合同目标,使企业取得一定的经济效益。安全管理是施工现场管理的基础,施工现场安全管理是一个系统工程,它所涉及的系统是一个人、机、料、法、环、测的系统,所研究的问题,也是人、机、料、法、环、测系统工程学的问题。安全管理的根本任务在于贯彻"安全第一,预防为主、综合治理"的安全方针,降低安全风险,防止事故发生,保障人民生命和财产安全。本文介绍了建筑施工现场安全管理的现状,分析了造成建筑施工安全事故的主要原因,并就如何贯彻"安全第一、预防为主、综合治理"的安全方针,有针对的提出了加强建筑施工现场安全管理的对策,可供同行借鉴和参考。     

我国水灾与可持续发展研究

根据我国水灾的有关资料 ,研究了我国水灾的基本特点 ,分析了水灾形成的主要原因及其对可持续发展的制约作用 ,提出了根治水灾必须走可持续发展的道路     

雾霾天气产生原因分析

本文对近期我国大部分地区雾霾天气成因进行了简要的分析,静风、逆温天气、能源结构、机动车数量的增加、城市建设和秸秆焚烧是造成雾霾天气的主要成因。应积极探讨雾霾天气产生的原因,减小雾霾天气发生的概率。     

我国雾霾成因及防控策略研究

针对近年来我国雾霾频发的现象,通过对我国雾霾现状、污染物来源分析,阐明雾霾成因及危害,并从监测、评价、控制等角度阐述我国雾霾防控策略。     

油罐区事故起因分析及预防对策

结合火灾统计数据,从罐区燃烧的形成因素、可能产生的点火源、消防安全管理等角度分析油罐区事故形成的原因,并探讨预防措施。     

石油库火灾爆炸事故原因及预防措施

石油库储存的原油、成品油均属甲、乙类火灾危险性油品,因此要从生产工艺操作、设备维护、各种制度的管理上做好预防措施。