顶空固相微萃取法测定饮用水中的氯仿

采用不同于传统涂层型纤维的体型活性碳纤维相微萃取测定饮用水中的氯仿,实验确定的萃取时间为６００ｓ,解吸时间为３ｍｉｎ,将萃取器针头完全插入气化室时的热解吸效果最佳,方法具有较好的重现性（４．１４％ＲＳＤ）,线性范围０－５０ｎｇ／ｍｌ,最低检测限为５ｎｇ／ｍｌ,用该方法和国家标准方法（ＧＢ５７５０－８５）对实际水样进行了分析比较,表明了顶空固相微萃取法检测结果与国标法相当,而灵敏度３．８倍于国标法,     

顶空-气相色谱法测定地表水中6种乙酸酯类化合物

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定地表水中乙酸酯类化合物,并对顶空瓶的加热温度、平衡时间进行优化。优化后,方法在6种乙酸酯类化合物质量浓度0.05~1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为4.49~58.5μg/L,RSD为0.61%~2.51%,加标回收率为96.5%~104%,方法便捷、环保、经济,适用于地表水中乙酸酯类的检测。     

HS/SPME-GC/MS/MS法测定水中痕量2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素

建立了测定水中痕量2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)和土臭素(GSM)的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/二级质谱联用法(HS/SPME-GC/MS/MS),并对HS/SPME条件进行优化。优化后的方法 2-MIB和GSM在1.00~50.0 ng/L范围内,线性良好(r≥0.999 4),RSD分别为7.36%和7.75%,方法检出限分别为0.226和0.239 ng/L,加标回收率分别为87.0%~97.0%和85.2%~112%。结果表明,所建立的方法操作简便、准确度高、重现性好、灵敏度高,无需有机溶剂,适用于水中痕量2-MIB和GSM的测定。     

Monitoring and modelling of siloxanes in a sewage treatment plant in the UK

Monitoring of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) carried out at Anglian Water’s Broadholme sewage treatment plant (STP) is described. The method deployed used headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) and the addition of isotopically labelled cVMS to correct for partitioning in samples containing high levels of particulate and dissolved organic carbon. The method was capable of measuring cVMS in raw sewage samples, with recoveries of 80%, 85% and 71% respectively, for D₄, D₅ and D₆. The limit of quantification was 0.2 μg L⁻¹ for all three substances. Recoveries close to 100% were observed for all cVMS spiked into treated effluent (LOQ = 0.01 μg L⁻¹). Despite the volatile nature of cVMS and its ubiquitous presence in the ambient atmosphere, the methods deployed showed excellent recoveries, reproducibility and quantification limits. A distinct diurnal variation in cVMS concentration, probably linked with the use of personal care products was observed for raw sewage but not in treated sewage effluent. The estimated per capita consumption of D₅ (∼2.7 mg cap⁻¹ d⁻¹) derived for the population served by this plant was significantly lower than that derived in the Environment Agency (UK) risk assessment (11.6 mg cap⁻¹ d⁻¹). The cVMS were highly removed during sewage treatment with efficiencies greater than 98%. The methods and findings of this pilot study can be used as the basis for future studies on the fate of cVMS substances in STPs.     

固相微萃取法的应用及其进展

固相微萃取（ＳＰＭＥ） 是在固相萃取（ＳＰＥ） 的基础上结合顶空分析（Ｈｅａｄｓｐａｃｅ） 建立起来的一种新的样品预处理方法,它于１９９０ 年Ｊ．Ｐａｗｌｉｓｚｙｎ 首先提出,因其携带方便、操作简便、测定快速、高效的特点,且是一种无溶剂的样品预处理方法,故在短短几年时间,广泛应用于各个研究领域,如环境（ 包括水样、土壤、空气） 以及食品、药物、毒理学等的分析研究。本文根据所查阅到的文献,对目前国际上固相微萃取法的应用发展及其研究情况作一概述,并就该方法今后的可能发展方向进行初步的探讨（６０ ,１４６ ,１５３） ！     

Rapid determination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its main metabolites in aqueous samples by one-step microwave-assisted headspace controlled-temperature liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection

A rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites in environmental aqueous samples has been developed using one-step microwave-assisted headspace controlled-temperature liquid-phase micro-extraction (MA-HS-CT-LPME) technique coupled with gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). In this study, the one-step extraction of DDT and its main metabolites was achieved by using microwave heating to accelerate the evaporation of analytes into the controlled-temperature headspace to form a cloudy mist vapor zone for LPME sampling. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency were thoroughly optimized, and the best extraction for DDT and its main metabolites from 10-mL aqueous sample at pH 6.0 was achieved by using 1-octanol (4-μL) as the LPME solvent, sampling at 34 °C for 6.5 min under 249 W of microwave irradiation. Under optimum conditions, excellent linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.05-1.0 μg/L for 1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p′-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p′-DDE), 0.1-2.0 μg/L for o,p′-DDT, 0.15-3.0 μg/L for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p′-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDD) and p,p′-DDT, with detection limits of 20 ng/L for p,p′-DDE, and 30 ng/L for o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDT. Precision was in the range of 3.2-11.3% RSD. The proposed method was validated with environmental water samples. The spiked recovery was between 95.5% and 101.3% for agricultural-field water, between 94% and 99.7% for sea water and between 93.5% and 98% for river water. Thus the established method has been proved to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and eco-friendly procedure for the determination of DDT and its main metabolites in environmental water samples.     

顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水和废水中8种苯系物

采用顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用法(HS-GC/MS)测定水和废水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、异丙苯、苯乙烯等8种苯系物,优化了分析条件,讨论了色谱柱极性、加热温度、平衡时间和进样次数对测定结果的影响。8种苯系物在1.00μg/L～1 000μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.22μg/L～0.38μg/L,实际样品平行测定的相对标准偏差5.0%,加标回收率在86.0%～115%之间。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水中丙酮甲醇乙腈

采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水中丙酮、甲醇和乙腈,确定顶空平衡温度为95 ℃,平衡时间为30 min,氯化钠质量浓度为200 g/L。丙酮、甲醇和乙腈在0.500 mg/L～5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.02 mg/L、0.10 mg/L和0.04 mg/L,标准溶液平行测定的RSD≤3.0%,两个质量浓度水平的空白加标回收率范围为90%～108%。苯系物对测定不产生影响,吡啶会影响甲醇的测定。     

代森锰锌和ND－901中代森锰锌在大棚黄瓜上残留动态的研究

采用顶空气相色谱（GLC-HS）分析技术测定了代森锰锌、ND－901中代森锰锌在大棚黄瓜上的残留动态。喷施70％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的500倍、250倍药液,测出黄瓜上原始沉积量分别为0.88～2.70mg/kg、1.11～3.79mg/kg;半衰期为1.6～9.5天、2.3～10.9天。黄瓜叶片上原始沉积量分别为148.01～164.08mg/kg、246.26～254.51mg/k;半衰期为15.8～16.2、18.4天。ND－901中代森锰锌的残留量均低于单剂。另外,自来水去污处理可有效地减少瓜上代森锰锌的残留量,平均去污率87％。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的吡啶

用固相微萃取富集水中吡啶,毛细管气相色谱分离分析。通过试验确定了固相微萃取的分析参数。方法的检出限可达0.001mg/L,标准曲线相关系数0.9990,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.9%~3.1%（n=5）,平均加标回收率在92.4%~104%,已用于饮用水及地表水水中吡啶的测定。