某废弃农药生产场地地下水挥发性有机物污染健康风险评价

对常州某废弃农药生产场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染状况和健康风险进行了调查评价。结果表明,该场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染以苯系物、氯代苯类和氯代烃类为主;部分点位地下水健康风险评价结果超出可接受范围,可能危害人体。     

土壤残留滴滴涕、六六六的人群健康风险评价 ———以江苏省无锡市为例

摘要：选择土壤中残留的滴滴涕（DDTs）和六六六（HCHs）这两种有机氯农药,分亚群计算人群暴露量,应用于江苏省无锡市的人群健康风险的评价,并剖析人群健康风险水平以及风险来源。结果表明,无锡土壤的综合致癌风险为5.38×10^-5,综合非致癌风险为0.176。江苏无锡土壤残留的HCHs和DDTs对人体健康的平均风险较小。     

南宁市河流型水源地重金属污染调查与健康风险评价

通过对南宁市河流型水源地水体中Pb、Cd、Hg、As浓度调查与健康风险评价研究,结果表明:这4种元素在水体中的质量浓度较低,均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅱ类标准;经饮水途径引起的健康风险从大到小依次为AsCdPbHg,说明As是南宁市饮用水源中的主要风险因子;4种元素通过饮水途径引起的平均个人年健康致癌风险值为1.48×10-6a-1~13.75×10-6a-1,非致癌风险值为7.05×10-10a-1,均低于美国环保局和国际辐射防护委员会的推荐值。     

人工湿地生态系统健康评价实证研究

建立了健康评价指标体系,改进了原有评价标准,构建了模糊综合评价模型,对苏州太湖国家旅游度假区一期人工湿地生态系统进行了健康评价,得出了度假区人工湿地健康评价综合评分为0．784,识别了健康制约因子,并提出了相应的调控措施,以期为湿地的二期、三期工程建设提供科学依据。     

Investigation of oil vapor emission and its evaluation methods

In oil operations such as storage, loading, and unloading, there are many chances for oil vapor to be emitted from tanks, tankers or truck tanks into the air. Oil vapor emission (OVE), having serious harmful effects on people and the environment, is always an important research topic for scientists, engineers or managers engaged in the fields of oil production and transportation, fire prevention, and environmental protection. As the second greatest oil consuming country in the world, China has particular interests in investigating ways to better methods to realize and then control the OVE. In this paper, three evaluation methods for the OVE are introduced and summed up. In particular, a set of self-founded OVE’s appraisement methods, which work by theoretical deduced equations integrated with both a software PELES-2.0 and a simple correction method, was systematically investigated. This appraisement system can conveniently and accurately be applied to evaluate the OVE, and further it can also provide base references and/or guides for the law makers, enterprise managers and equipment developers in controlling OVEs.     

生命价值：无需回避评估

治理环境污染的主要效益是健康效益，即降低发病率和死亡率，但治理污染要消耗稀缺资源（经济成本）。在涉及污染与健康的环境费用效益分析中，社会必须权衡经济收入与生命价值，估价生命价值有４种方法：人力资本法、工资隐含价格法，防护费用法和实验评价法，可以从不同途径评估中国人生命价值。     

Submicron particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Polish teaching rooms: Concentrations, origin and health hazard

The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) bound to submicrometer particles(particulate matter, PM_1) suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside. Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities, Gliwice, southern Poland,and Warsaw, central Poland, differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH. The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH, the ratio(I/O) of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH, probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH(ΣPAH) to humans at both sites were analyzed. In both Warsaw and Gliwice, the mean concentrations of PM_1-bound ΣPAH were slightly higher in the atmospheric air than in the rooms. The indoor and outdoor concentrations of individual PAH in Gliwice were correlated,in Warsaw – they were not. Most probably, the lack of the correlations in Warsaw was due to the existence of an unidentified indoor source of gaseous PAH enriching PM_1 in phenanthrene, fluorene, and pyrene. Although the ambient concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH were low compared to the ones observed earlier at both sites, they were much higher than in other urbanized European areas. However, because of low mass share of heavy PAH in ΣPAH, the various indicators of the health hazard from the 16 PAH mixture were low compared to other regions.     

张家口市洋河、桑干河流域水环境健康风险评价

张家口市洋河、桑干河流域近几年来水质持续改善,为逐步恢复流域水质和下游官厅水库饮用水备用水源功能提供了条件.文章利用水环境健康风险评价模型,选取了2006年该流域水质监测数据,对流域内10个监测断面由饮水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,该流域水体对人体健康危害最大的是化学致癌物Cr(VI),在各个监测断面中Cr(VI)的个人年风险均超过ICRP推荐的标准.同时,化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年风险超过非致癌物的个人年风险;因此对该流域水体的含化学致癌物Cr(VI)和As废水进行控制和治理是降低水环境健康风险的有效途径.     

太湖饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价

介绍了水环境健康风险评价方法,并根据太湖饮用水源地水环境质量监测数据,对4个饮用水源地通过饮水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,2005～2009年,4个饮用水源地水环境健康个人年风险多数超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准,主要风险因子为化学致癌物六价铬和砷;化学致癌物对人体健康危害个人年风险度远高于非化学致癌物;化学致癌物所致健康危害的个人年风险呈波动降低变化,非化学致癌物所致健康危害的个人年风险基本保持稳定。     

城市大气可吸入颗粒物的研究进展

可吸入颗粒物逐渐成为我国许多大中城市的首要空气污染物,对其研究是当前国际大气化学界的研究热点。纵观国内外有关可吸入颗粒物的研究进展,主要是围绕可吸入颗粒物的来源及解析技术、基本特性、采样及分析方法、对人类危害和对环境的影响等方面进行了阐述,同时也对今后的研究发展趋势进行了展望。