排污收费对物价水平的影响研究

计入产品成本的排污收费势必影响产品价格,从而影响物价水平?本文首次以部门价格模型为基础,提出了排污收费时物价影响的测算方法,并对新旧排污收费标准体系下的物价影响进行了测算?研究表明,我国排污收费对物价的影响甚小,部门产品或消费品价格上涨幅度一般在0.49‰~5.13‰之间?      

兰州市大气污染对居民健康影响的研究

采用多指标多因素的综合评判方法对兰州市城区大气污染的变化规律及其给人群健康带来的影响,进行了系统的分析。并对减少和消除城市大气污染,保护人群健康的卫生学依据和防治途径进行了探讨。结果表明,室内外空气的严重污染、已对人群的健康产生了明显的影响。大气污染物中,对健康产生急性毒性作用的主要是气相污染物,其次是尘。就室内污染来讲,家庭燃煤和吸烟是诱发肺癌的重要危险因子,因此,防治和研究气相污染物对人群健康产生的综合危害,应提到与防治尘污染的同等位置上。     

温度、氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的影响

为制定热排放标准的需要,用动态实验和静态实验方法研究了热冲击与氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的急性和亚急性效应。结果表明：选择温度与起始致死温度（TL₅₀）值随着驯化温度的升高而增大,鳙鱼对热冲击的反应较敏感。氨对鲢、鳙、鲤鱼的急性毒性（96h）LC₅₀值分别为0.38、0.30、0.66mgNH₃/L（非离解氨）。水温升高5℃,鲤鱼的（96h）LC₅₀。值从0.66mgNH₃/L下降到0.44mgNH₃/L,热冲击明显提高了氨对鲤鱼的毒性。氨对鲤鱼的亚急性毒性结果表明,鳃、肝组织出现了病理改变。以上室内实验结果可作为评价监测热污染水质的科学依据。     

La对Cd伤害大豆幼苗的生态生理作用

以盆载法研究了Cd对大豆幼苗的伤害及La对Cd伤害的缓解效应。结果表明,500mg/L CdCl₂严重抑制大豆幼苗的代谢与生长,叶面喷布30mg/LLaCl³一次,能缓解Cd毒造成的伤害。实验证明,这与La能增加大豆幼苗光合速率,提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性、降低细胞质膜透性与植株体内Cd含量、维持TTC还原力等多重作用相关。     

城市区域光热资源特征

利用昆明城内外辐射、风湿产测资料,分析了昆明地区光温的日变化规律、城内外差异等特征,获得了昆明市有丰富的可利用光热资源的结论。     

耐氨固氮菌对蔬菜作物生长的促进作用研究

研究并探讨了蔬菜作物在施用耐氨固氮菌后的生长、生理反应及增产的效果和原因。试验结果表明： 施用耐氨固氮菌显著增加了蔬菜苗期生物量、叶面积和叶片的叶绿素含量, 同时还增强了植株的根系活力, 并有明显的增产效果。耐氨固氮菌促进增产的作用不仅与其本身的固氮作用有关, 还可能与其分泌出某些生长刺激物 （ 或激素） 有关。     

硬化路面与温度场响应模型研究

硬化路面是城市热环境效应影响因素中较为重要的一个因素.笔者在研究了深圳市城市热效应的基础上,建立了一个三维动态模型对硬化路面条件下的温度场进行模拟.通过将模型的计算结果和在深圳的实测结果进行对比,发现2条曲线吻合较好,模拟结果十分接近实测结果.模型模拟结果还证明了硬化路面由于铺筑的材料具有较大蓄热、导热的能力,而且透水性差,因此温度升降都很快,对城市的热效应贡献大;城市绿化隔离带对城市温度场具有很好的调节作用,因此合理配置城市中的绿地对城市区域微热环境的改善能够起到很好的作用.      

深井动压影响下山煤巷围岩变形机理与控制研究

以刘桥一矿Ⅱ66回风下山为工程背景,采用现场实测、实验室实验、数值模拟和工业性试验综合分析了下山煤巷非对称变形破坏机理,提出动压影响下深井软弱煤巷围岩多层次组合控制理论,并给出优化控制措施。研究表明:回风下山变形失稳严重并呈非对称性,围岩完整性较差,强度低。地应力实测显示,回风下山处于高原岩应力区,最大主应力为水平应力且具有明显方向性,与巷道轴线夹角为71°,断面顶底板剪切破坏风险较大;数值模拟显示,回风下山开拓延伸期间,受邻近轨道下山、辅助下山影响显著,4煤回采对其影响较小,6煤工作面回采是下山煤巷非对称失稳的主要诱因;提出以围岩深浅孔注浆为核心,以新型注浆锚索、锚杆为装备基础的高阻让压全断面组合控制理论,并给出具体优化方案。工业性试验显示,下山煤巷围岩变形得到有效控制。     

Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.