2003-2008年河北省雷电灾害特征统计分析

雷电灾害是最严重的10种自然灾害之一,掌握雷电灾害的时空分布规律,对做好雷电防御工作具有重要的社会意义.根据2003-2008年河北省雷电灾害的统计结果,揭示了河北省雷电灾害的时空分布规律,并结合河北省实际情况,进一步分析了雷电灾害发生的可能原因,为全省防雷减灾工作提供参考.     

河北平原农田土壤重金属形态分布特征及控制因素研究

土壤重金属污染防治已迫在眉睫,国内外对重金属污染研究热度不减。本文选择河北平原农田为研究区,对采集325个根系土样品中的Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Hg等5种重金属进行了各形态含量统计与分析,并用Arc GIS制作了有效态空间分布图。最后运用相关性分析法探讨了5种重金属各形态与全量及pH值、Fe_2O_3、总有机碳(TOC)、阳离子交换容量(CEC)、粘粒的相关性。研究表明:Cd的有效态(水溶态和离子交换态)含量占全量比重最大,为18.06%,Cr、Pb、As、Hg均低于10%,这4种金属以残渣态为主,占全量的50%以上;As元素各形态与全量、pH值、Fe_2O_3、TOC、CEC、粘粒的相关程度最高,成正相关关系;Cr的3种形态(铁锰氧化态、强有机结合态、残渣态)与Fe_2O_3、TOC、CEC、粘粒呈显著正相关关系,Cr碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态与pH呈正相关关系,与Fe_2O_3、TOC、CEC、粘粒呈显著负相关关系;5种重金属铁锰氧化态与pH均呈正相关关系。     

河北省自然保护区现状调查与规划研究

在河北省自然保护区现状调查的基础上,探讨目前自然保护区建设中的主要问题,并对河北省自然保护区规划和对策进行研究。     

河北省农业旱灾脆弱性动态变化的成因分析

以县域为单元,对河北省不同时段的农业旱灾脆弱度进行了评估。通过ＧＩＳ制图,揭示了农业旱灾脆弱度的时间和空间变化规律,分析了脆弱性动态变化的自然基础及社会、经济因素,提出了今后进一肯降低农业旱灾脆弱性、保持可持续发展所面临的问题,为宵业旱灾管理与区划提供了科学依据。     

河北省旱涝灾害历史特征研究

通过分析河北省旱涝灾害的历史状况,得出黉灾呈逐年减轻、时灾呈逐年加重的认识,旱灾是河北省的一种主要自然灾害,探讨了该省旱涝灾害的时空分布规律,在时间上具有季节性、持续性和阶段性,在空间上具有地域性,对增强水患意识,防汛抗旱,今后的防灾抗灾提供了科学依据。     

河北省海域承载力多层次模糊综合评价

借鉴有关承载力的研究成果,利用多层次模糊综合评判法对河北省海域承载力进行了评价分析。结果表明:1996—2006年间河北省近海海域承载力一直处于超载状态,但承载状况总体趋于好转;人口和环境污染的加剧、环境治理能力和科技发展水平缓慢、资源供给能力不足是导致河北省海域承载力超载的主要因素。基于此提出了改善河北省海域承载状况的对策建议。     

基于相对资源承载力的可持续发展问题研究——以河北省为例

采用相对资源承载力的研究思路与计算方法,分别计算出1996—2005年河北省土地资源、经济资源的相对承载力和综合承载力,并分析了其动态变化过程。研究表明:①河北省综合承载力一直处于超载状态,经济资源承载力于2004年后呈现富余状态,经济资源成为河北省的主要承载资源;②与环渤海的其它4省市相比,相对土地资源承载力处于富余状态,相对经济资源承载力处于超载状态;③河北省内11个地市相对资源承载力存在着地区差异。通过河北省相对承载力方面的研究,提出了河北省实现可持续发展的对策与建议。     

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Poverty-Stricken Areas in Hebei Province

Abstract

This paper takes poverty-stricken county as the basic unit, and selects net income per peasant to study the poverty status in Hebei Province during 1986–2000. Temporal and spatial changes of poverty-stricken areas are analyzed. The result shows that poverty-stricken areas in Hebei Province distributed concentratedly and the areas decreased during 1986–2000, the net income per peasant was on the rise with an increasing speed in off-poverty counties being slightly higher than that in poverty-stricken counties, but the growth rate was extremely unstable, rising slowly in off-poverty counties while dropping in poverty-stricken counties. The main driving forces that influenced temporal and spatial changes were economic development of the whole province, ecological environment quality, infrastructure conditions and radiation of the key city. On this basis, some anti-poverty countermeasures suitable to local conditions are proposed.     

Dioxin concentration in human milk in Hebei province in China and Tokyo, Japan: potential dietary risk factors and determination of possible sources

Very limited information is available on body burdens and environmental levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in mainland China. In the current studies, human milk samples were collected from 30 breastfeeding mothers in Shijiazhuang city (industrialized) and 11 in the Tanshan countryside (agricultural) of Hebei Province in northern China. An additional 20 samples were obtained from mothers in Tokyo, Japan. PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs in human milk were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results show that arithmetic means for body burdens of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in Hebei were 3.6 and 1.9 pg TEQ g⁻¹ fat, respectively, which were only about one fourth of the levels in Japan. In addition, no difference was found in the chemical levels except dl-PCBs between the urban and rural areas. Based on the results of an in-person interview of the Chinese mothers using a 59-item questionnaire, freshwater fish consumption was found to correlate with the body burden of dioxins. Principal component analysis of dioxin congeners revealed that the patterns of dioxins in the Hebei urban and rural areas are quite similar; however, they are clearly different from those in Japan. Collectively, our results suggest that the lower body burdens of dioxin in Hebei may be due in part to the relatively slow industrialization and a lower consumption of marine foods. Finally, the results indicate that comprehensive monitoring of dioxins and dl-PCBs in humans as well as in the environment and foods is necessary in China.     

河北省小城镇发展中的问题和对策

本文分析了河北省小城镇发展中存在的诸多制约因素 :阐述了城乡一体化 ,破除二元结构 ,构建有利于小城镇发展的社会环境的构想 ,并提出了关于改革城乡居民户籍管理制度、乡镇企业向镇区集中等一系列建议和措施