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991.
Ronald W. Matlin Martin T. Katzman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(5):1308-1317
ABSTRACT: An economic analysis of the profitability of adopting solar photovoltaic energy systems for crop irrigation is undertaken. The economic, technological, and political uncertainties surrounding adoption are discussed with reference to their impact on anticipated profitability. On the assumption that the costs of producing photovoltaic modules follows a learning curve characteristic of other inventions, solar systems are likely to be viable for irrigation in some states by mid to late 1980s. A field test in Nebraska is described. 相似文献
992.
J. R. Conner R. J. Freund M. R. Godwin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(3):506-516
ABSTRACT Prior studies of water resource systems have considered risk from the point of view that only the system planners could react to the effects of the risk elements. However, users of water from a system also react to risk. When the quantity of water that a system can supply is subject to considerable variation, the reactions of the users of the water will often effect the benefits generated by the system and thus its optimal design characteristics. A simulation model of a reservoir-irrigation system is developed which incorporates the water users' reactions to risk in such a manner as to reflect their influence on the optimal design characteristics. A risk (convex) programming algorithm is incorporated into the model to reflect the water users' reactions to various levels of aversion to risk and degree of uncertainty in water deliveries. Response surfaces are generated as a result of performing the simulation at different levels of the design variables. An examination of these surfaces reveals the importance of including water users' reactions to risk in water resource system planning. The effects of different levels of risk aversion on the irrigation farmers' choice of crop enterprises are also examined. 相似文献
993.
Douglas V. Smith 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(6):1225-1234
Recent progress in operations research has refined stochastic programming with recourse sufficiently to significantly increase its potential for use in water resource planning. To demonstrate its strengths and weaknesses this paper considers an irrigation planning problem and illustrates how more and more refined variants of this problem are successively cast into stochastic programming with recourse forms. The result is an outline of the state of the art with method limitations and demands on model formulation clearly indicated. 相似文献
994.
人工养殖鳝鱼有着非常广阔的前途,利用生态工程技术对鳝鱼进行生态养殖是提高养鳝成功率的有效途径之一。河南省贫困地区发展鳝鱼生产有着独特的资源优势和经济优势,因地制宜地进行鳝鱼生态工程建设对贫困地区脱贫致富和发展河南省鳝鱼生产有着重要的意义。 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
ABSTRACT: Irrigation has expanded in parts of the eastern United States. In some areas, the adjoining surface (riparian) water is the most economical source of irrigation water. Expanded demand for riparian water may lead to conflict among irrigators and other streamflow users. Accurate information on the potential for and impacts of riparian irrigation expansion is needed to decide if control of such expansion is necessary. In this study, a stochastic economic model to evaluate the impacts of potential irrigation expansion is presented. The model considers the soil, location, and land use characteristics of individual sites, as well as weather and streamflow patterns. The application of the model to an eastern Virginia watershed indicates that, with maximum potential expansion, water availability becomes limited and yields will be reduced in some years. As a result, the expected net returns from irrigation and the probability of breaking even on the investment are reduced substantially. The results suggest the need to consider regulation of surface water allocation for irrigation development in riparian watersheds. 相似文献
998.
Allen S. Hope Ray D. Jackson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(5):1009-1014
ABSTRACT: Several crop water stress indices were examined to determine their potential for use from a space-based system. These indices were compared using data collected over a wheat crop grown under arid environmental conditions. Indices that required concurrent ground-based measurements were less adaptable than the simple difference between canopy temperatures of a field with unknown stress conditions and a similar crop known to be unstressed. The results indicate that it would be feasible to develop space-based crop water stress techniques that would be useful for scheduling irrigations. 相似文献
999.
Wossenu Abtew Nagendra Khanal 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(3):429-439
ABSTRACT: Water budget studies are essential for water resources and environmental management. In this study, a water budget analysis is presented for the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in South Florida for the period from 1973 to 1991. The EAA is a highly productive irrigation/drainage basin that has a high water table and organic soils. Water quality problems are associated with the drainage discharge from the basin. During dry periods, supplemental water is used for irrigation and in rainy periods excess water with relatively higher phosphorus content is pumped out of the basin to Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades ecosystem. Elevated concentrations of phosphorus in the runoff/drainage that is discharged from the EAA basin have created water quality problems. The mean surface water inflow to the basin was 63,990 ha-m, and the outflow was 131,447 ha-m per year. On the average, supplemental surface water use was 47,411 ha-m, and runoff/drainage was 114,816 ha-m per year. The mean annual basin rainfall was 120.9 cm. A general trend in the decline of the wet season rainfall is observed. 相似文献
1000.
本文根据组合模式原理提出了一种用小震调制比(rm)异常区出现高频次的空间异常图,进行强地震中短期预报的方法,简称rs法。该方法在预报强震地点和时间上可望取得较好效果。本文在介绍该方法的基础上,应用该法对3次7级以上大震进行了回顾性检验。 相似文献