Fenton-like degradation of Methylene Blue using paper mill sludge-derived magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst: Characterization and mechanism

For the paper industry, the disposal and management of the yielded sludge are a considerable challenge. In our work, the paper mill sludge-derived magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst (PMS-Fe-380) was prepared easily through a facile synthesis method. The morphology and structure of PMS-Fe-380 were fully characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller analysis. The catalytic activity of PMS-Fe-380 was evaluated by degradation of Methylene Blue (MB). The reusability and stability of PMS-Fe-380 were evaluated in five repeated runs, which suggested that PMS-Fe-380 manifested excellent stability of catalytic activity. Moreover, leaching tests indicated that the leached iron is negligible (< 0.5 mg/L). This study provides an alternative environmentally friendly reuse method for paper mill sludge and a novel catalyst PMS-Fe-380 that can be considered as a promising heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst.     

Temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust

In this study, the temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust(ATD) has been investigated within a temperature range of 255–315 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. Combined with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) experiment, it was found that acrylic acid could adsorb on ATD via surface OH groups and convert to carboxylate on the particle surface. The kinetics study suggests that the initial true uptake coefficient(γt) of acrylic acid on ATD decreases from(4.02 ± 0.12) × 10~(-5) to(1.73 ± 0.05) × 10~/(-5)with a temperature increase from 255 to315 K. According to the temperature dependence of uptake coefficients, the enthalpy(ΔH obs)and entropy(ΔS obs) of uptake processes were determined to be-(9.60 ± 0.38) KJ/mol and-(121.55 ± 1.33) J·K/mol, respectively. The activation energy for desorption(E des) was calculated to be(14.57 ± 0.60) KJ/mol. These results indicated that the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on ATD surface was sensitive to temperature. The heterogeneous uptake on ATD could affect the concentration of acrylic acid in the atmosphere, especially at low temperature.     

Improved dark ambient degradation of organic pollutants by cerium strontium cobalt perovskite

This work investigates the effect of cerium substation into strontium cobalt perovskites(CeSrCoO) for the oxidative degradation of Orange Ⅱ(OII) in dark ambient conditions without the aid of any external stimulants such as light,heating or chemical additives.The OII degradation rate by CeSrCoO reached 65% in the first hour,whilst for the blank sample without cerium(SrCoO) took over 2 hr to reach the same level of OII degradation.Hence,the cerium substitution improved the catalytic activity of the perovskite material,mainly associated with the Ce_(0.1)Sr_(0.9)CoO_3 perovskite phase.Upon contacting CeSrCoO,the-N=Nazo bonds of the OII molecules broke down resulting in electron donation and the formation of by-products.The electrons are injected into the CeSrCoO and resulted in a redox pair of Co~(3+)/Co~(2+),establishing a bridge for the electron transfer between OII and the catalysts.Concomitantly,the electrons also formed reactive species(·OH) responsible for OII degradation as evidenced by radical trapping experiment.Reactive species were formed via the reaction between 02 and donated electrons from OII with the aid of cobalt redox pair.As the prepared materials dispensed with the need for light irradiation and additional oxidants,it opens a window of environmental applications for treating contaminated wastewaters.     

Do aerosols act as catalysts in the OH radical initiated atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds?

Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the relative reactivity of OH radicals with methanol, ethanol, phenol, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, and p-xylene in 750 Torr of air diluent at 296±2 K. Experiments were performed with, and without, 500–8000 μg m⁻³ (4000–50 000 μm² cm⁻³ surface area per volume) of NaCl, (NH₄)₂SO₄ or NH₄NO₃ aerosol. In contrast to the recent findings of Oh and Andino (Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 2901, 36 (2002) 149; International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 33 (2001) 422) there was no discernable effect of aerosol on the rate of loss of the organic compounds via reaction with OH radicals. Gas kinetic theory arguments cast doubt upon the findings of Oh and Andino. The available data suggest that the answer to the title question is “No”. As part of this work the rate constants for reactions of OH radicals with methanol, ethanol, and phenol in 750 Torr of air at 296 K were determined to be: k_OH+CH3OH=(8.12±0.54)×10⁻¹³, k_OH+C2H5OH=(3.47±0.32)×10⁻¹² and k_OH+phenol=(3.27±0.31)×10⁻¹¹ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹.     

紫外光锰矿协同催化臭氧化水中4-氯苯酚

以水中4-氯苯酚为试验对象,研究了紫外光、天然锰矿催化臭氧化的协同作用.结果表明,与单独臭氧化相比,单一光催化臭氧化和单一锰矿催化臭氧化的TOC去除率分别提高5.6%和26.5%;而紫外光锰矿协同催化臭氧化的TOC去除率则增加了47%,高于前两者的加和,其TOC去除率可达85%.紫外光锰矿的协同提高了催化臭氧的能力.     

微波诱导技术用于氧烛制氧的理论研究

传统的氧烛是将氯酸盐或高氯酸盐与金属燃料、催化剂混合后压缩所制得。其产氧原理是利用燃料燃烧所释放的热量来促成氯酸盐或高氯酸盐分解,释放出氧气。氧烛不仅因燃料燃烧而消耗所产生的氧气,而且在产氧过程中往往会产生少量的氯气等有害副产品。为解决上述两个缺陷,笔者提出一种新的微波诱导催化技术来代替传统的燃料加热方法。即在氧烛配方中舍弃燃料,而使用外加的微波作为氯酸盐分解的热源。具体方法是先对氯酸钠氧烛的热过程进行数值模拟,通过反应温度的差异解释氯气作为副产品产生的机理;为验证利用微波诱导加热代替燃料加热的可行性,对TE10基模微波场中氯酸钠的热过程进行数值模拟。计算结果表明,氯酸钠在微波场中升温均匀。因此,微波诱导是抑制产氧过程中有害副产品产生的一种有效途径。     

Photodegradation of Orange Ⅱ using waste paper sludge-derived heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of oxalate under ultraviolet light emitting diode irradiation

A waste paper sludge-derived heterogeneous catalyst(WPS-Fe-350) was synthesized via a facile method and successfully applied for the degradation of Orange Ⅱ in the presence of oxalic acid under the illumination of ultraviolet light emitting diode(UV-LED) Powder X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electronic microscopy and N2 sorption isotherm analysis indicated the formation of α-Fe2O3 in the mesoporous nanocomposite.The degradation test showed that WPS-Fe-350 exhibited rapid Orange Ⅱ(OⅡ) degradation and mineralization in the presence of oxalic acid under the illumination of UV-LED.The effects of p H,oxalic acid concentration and dosage of the catalyst on the degradation of OⅡ were evaluated,respectively.Under the optimal conditions(1 g/L catalyst dosage,2 mmol/L oxalic acid and p H 3.0),the degradation percentage for a solution containing 30 mg/L OⅡ reached 83.4% under illumination by UV-LED for 80 min.Moreover,five cyclic tests for OⅡ degradation suggested that WPS-Fe-350 exhibited excellent stability of catalytic activity.Hence,this study provides an alternative environmentally friendly way to reuse waste paper sludge and an effective and economically viable method for degradation of azo dyes and other refractory organic pollutants in water.     

含氮有机废气深度氧化催化剂的研究

本文研究了复载于改性丝光沸石上铜氧化物催化剂对有机烃类韵催化氧化活性;同时考察了催化剂对正丁胺、苯胺、硝基苯深度氧化的活性及控制NO_x能力。结果表明,Cu和改性组份La,Cr之间有明显的共助催化作用,其中Cu_3/AUM催化剂对烃类、食氮有机物的氧亿活性及控NO_x能力良好,在空速为10000h~(-1),反应温度270℃,反应物(正丁胺)浓度为260Gmg/m~3的条件下,其转化率达100％,几乎未检测到NO_x的生成,而且对空速和有机物浓度的变化具有一定妁适应性。     

介质阻挡放电-催化降解苯的研究

采用双介质阻挡放电管 ,当含苯气体的流量为 1 5L·min- 1 ,放电电压在 60 0 0V—1 2 0 0 0V范围内 ,放电管温度在 2 1 0℃左右 ,研究介质阻挡放电 催化降解苯的协同效应 .结果表明 ,在余辉区中放入催化剂 ,60 0 0V的电压下 ,苯的降解率可达 70 % ,产物中CO/CO2为 0 0 5 ;而在同样电压下 ,不放入催化剂 ,苯的降解率仅为 5 5 %左右 ,CO/CO2 约为 0 5 .由此可见 ,催化剂在余辉区时能与等离子体协同作用 ,促进苯的降解