Mini-Review： Green sustainable processes using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide

Environmentally benign carbon dioxide offers significant potential in its supercritical fluid phase to replace current reliance on a range of hazardous,relatively expensive and environmentally damaging organic solvents that are used on an extensive global basis.The unique combination of the physical properties of supercritical fluids are being exploited and further researched to continue the development and establishment of high efficiency,compact plant to provide energy and water efficient manufacturing processes.This mini-review is focused on the use and potential applications of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide for a selected range of key and emerging industrial processes as a sustainable alternative to totally eliminate or greatly reduce the requirement of numerous conventional organic solvents.Examples of the industries include:chemical extraction and purification,synthetic chemical reactions including polymerization and inorganic catalytic processes.Biochemical reactions involving enzymes,particle size engineering,textile dyeing and advanced material manufacture provide further illustrations of vital industrial activities where supercritical fluid technology processes are being implemented or developed.Some aspects relating to the economics of sustainable supercritical fluid carbon dioxide processes are also considered.     

电催化系统-电生物炭接触氧化床处理垃圾渗滤液

 提出了电催化系统(ECS)组合电生物炭接触氧化床(EBACOR)来处理垃圾渗滤液的方法.结果表明,ECS-EBACOR法诸多的影响因素中,对处理效率影响最大的是ECS的电活性催化填料组分.GC/MS分析结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中的64种有毒有机污染物经ECS处理后,大部分已被矿化成CO₂、H₂O或降解为小分子有机物.ECS-EBACOR现场运行试验结果还表明,当垃圾渗滤液废水中的COD和NH₃-N浓度分别在3000～5000mg/L以及1100～1780mg/L范围时,COD和NHs₃-N去除率均可超过90%.     

环境多相催化研究过程中的表面科学研究方法

简要介绍环境多相催化研究过程中应用表面科学的研究方法的必要性和将会遇到的挑战和机遇 .结合作者有关的研究事例 ,分别讨论了环境多相催化和表面科学研究领域之间材料和压力的差异所带来的问题和可能的解决方案 ,特别是催化剂原位表面表征的重要性     

水锰矿氧化水溶性硫化物过程及其影响因素

作为表生环境中易生成且分布广泛的氧化锰矿物,水锰矿参与水溶性硫化物的氧化反应,影响其迁移、转化和归趋.本研究考察了水锰矿氧化水溶性硫化物(S~(2-))的过程与产物,探讨了初始pH、氧气对反应速率与中间产物的影响,X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和透射电镜(TEM)表征水锰矿与水溶性硫化物反应固相产物晶体结构、组分和微观形貌;分光光度计、高效液相色谱仪和离子色谱仪分析S~(2-)及其氧化物的浓度与变化趋势.结果表明水锰矿氧化S~(2-)产物主要为单质S,起始pH降低可加速S~(2-)的初始氧化反应,对产物组成并无显著影响;有氧环境中单质S会进一步氧化生成S_2O_3~(2-),且水锰矿表现出良好的催化作用与化学稳定性,反应约10 h,晶体结构保持稳定.     

浅池型太阳能光催化反应动力学研究

研究了浅池型太阳能反应器中亚甲基蓝一级降解动力学常数与光辐射强度、反应器A/V值的关系 .当A/V与光照I均为变量时 ,提出了一个修正的动力学方程 :k =1 6 2 7× 10 -5I0 871(A/V) 1 3 57.同时 ,还建立了一个新的表观量子产率模型 :k =5 2 3CI0 871(A/V) 1 3 57.计算表观量子产率值为 0 17%— 0 30 % ,随着A/V、初始浓度的增大或光强的减小 ,表观量子产率增大     

Effects of iron (hydr)oxides on the degradation of diethyl phthalate ester in heterogeneous (photo)-Fenton reactions

This work studied the structural effects of hematite(α-Fe2 O3), 2-line ferrihydrite(HFO) and goethite(α-FeOOH) on diethyl phthalate ester(DEP) degradation. The results showed that the degradation of DEP was faster under 365 nm light irradiation than in the dark in the presence of iron(hydr)oxides. The apparent kinetic rates of DEP degradation followed the order HFO goethite ≈ hematite in the dark and HFO hematite goethite under 365 nm light irradiation. Two pathways governed H2 O2 decomposition efficiency on iron(hydr)oxide surfaces:(1) forming UOH on inherent surface hydroxyl groups(Fe-OH) and(2) producing O2 and H2 O on the surface oxygen vacancies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses indicated that HFO not only has high Fe-OH content but also has high Vo content, resulting in its low H2 O2 utilization efficiency(η). DEP was degraded through hydrogen abstraction and deesterification, and the major products were(OH)2-DEP, mono-ethyl phthalate(MEP), OH-MEP,and phthalate acid(PA). The study is important in understanding the transformation of phthalate esters in top surface soils and surface waters under ultraviolet light.     

生物膜催化氧化烟气脱硫工艺条件研究

分别研究了SO2入口质量浓度、喷淋液Fe^2 浓度、喷淋率、空塔气速以及喷淋液循环使用对脱硫效率的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳操作条件下(SO2入口质量浓度小于2g/m^3,喷淋液中Fe^2 浓度≥0．06mol／L,液气比约为11 L／m^3,空塔气速约为0．15m／s),脱硫效率可达96％以上。     

Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate by bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water

Bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC （granular activated carbon） was prepared and used as heterogeneous catalyst in the ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate （PS, S2O8 2-） process. The effect of initial pH, PS concentration, catalyst addition and stirring rate on the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 （AO7） was investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increased with an increase in PS concentration from 0.3 to 0.5 g/L and an increase in catalyst amount from 0.5 to 0.8 g/L. But further increase in PS concentration and catalyst addition would result in an unpronounced increase in decolorization efficiency. In the range of 300 to 900 r/min, stirring rate had little effect on AO7 decolorization. The catalyst stability was evaluated by measuring decolorization efficiency for four successive cycles.     

宏量和微量元素在炉内喷钙脱硫过程中的作用

研究添加粉煤灰对脱硫过程的作用,实验在滴管炉上进行,温度为１２００℃,结果表明,一些宏量元素的金属氧化物对脱硫过程具有催化作用,但这种催化作用随Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺加量的改变而变化,先升高后降低,有一个最佳值;一些微量元素的金属氧化物对脱硫过程更强的催化氧化作用,当ＭｎＯ２的掺加量为３％时,充效率提高近１倍。     

改性TiO2对废水处理光催化效率的影响研究进展

TiO2材料在紫外光照射下对废水中的有机物具有光催化降解作用,在环境保护污染治理方面有着广阔的应用前景,但其催化效率并不理想。本文介绍了材料TiO2光催化在废水处理中的研究现状,指出了限制TiO2光催化效率的影响因素,并综述了如何提高其光催化效率的几种途径。