表面铜螯合磁性二氧化硅固定化漆酶及其催化降解水中2，4-二氯酚

利用磁性二氧化硅表面接枝的聚丙烯酰胺络合Cu2＋离子,制备了表面铜螯合磁性SiO：材料,采用傅立叶红外光谱（FT．IR）,X射线衍射（XRD）对该磁性材料进行了表征,并通过配位作用固定化漆酶,考察了其对水中2,4-二氯酚（2,4-DCP）的催化降解效能及主要影响因素。结果表明,表面铜螯合磁性SiO：固定化漆酶对2,4-DCP具有较好的催化降解效能,利用8g／L固定化漆酶催化降解50mL初始浓度为24．25mg／L的2,4-DCP,反应12h2,4-DCP去除率达91％;当pH值在3．0～6．0范围内时,2,4-DCP的去除率随反应pH值的增加而升高;2,4-DCP初始浓度在14．39～257．6mg／L范围内时,反应12h,2,4-DCP的去除率均达85％以上;给酶量增加促进2,4-DCP的去除,但过多的给酶量导致单位质量固定化漆酶催化降解2,4-DCP的速率下降;水中硫酸根离子对固定化漆酶催化降解2,4-DCP具有明显的促进作用,而碳酸氢根离子明显抑制反应的进行。     

钴氨溶液脱除NO研究

利用Co(NH₃)₆²⁺离子作主催化剂(由可溶性钴盐溶于氨水中形成),烟道气中的O₂作氧化剂,碘阴离子作助催化剂,在液相中实现NO的催化氧化和回收、SO₂的吸收和氧化.与过氧化氢和Fe-EDTA法相比该法具有持续时间长、效率高等优点,NO的脱除率可达80%以上;SO₂的脱除率可达100%,能实现高效率地同时脱硫脱硝.     

等离子体催化降解甲苯途径的原位红外研究

考察了在常温常压条件下,等离子体分别协同SiO₂、Al₂O₃、NiO/Al₂O₃降解甲苯的性能,并从材料的介电常数、对甲苯的吸附性及臭氧分解能力等角度分析了不同活性表现的原因,同时,采用原位红外技术研究了甲苯降解过程中催化剂表面吸附物种的变化.结果表明,当甲苯浓度为100 ppm,气体流量为100 mL·min^-1时,一定范围内,甲苯降解率随着能量密度、介电常数、吸附性及臭氧分解能力的提高而提高.甲苯在催化剂表面的吸附对其降解途径有十分重要的影响:在放电区域中加入SiO₂,甲苯仍然在气相中完成降解;而存在Al₂O₃ 及NiO/Al₂O₃时,甲苯氧化成苯甲酸的过程主要发生在催化剂表面,是甲苯催化降解的关键步骤,苯甲酸在活性位点的积累将降低催化剂的反应活性.     

悬浮态TiO_2光催化降解苯系物的方法研究

以高压汞灯为光源 ,在TiO2 粉末悬浮体系内 ,系统地研究了光照时间、光照距离、催化剂用量、苯系物浓度和溶液pH、空气流量、H2 O2 浓度、Fe3+ 浓度等因素对模拟水样中苯系物的光催化降解效率的影响。研究结果表明 ,当光照时间为 2 0min、光照距离为 6cm ,TiO2 用量为 4 0 0mg L、pH =7、苯系物浓度为 10 0mg L ,空气流量为 4 0 0mL min,苯系物降解率可达 93% ,添加H2 O2 与Fe3+ 能增加苯系物的降解率 ,当H2 O2 浓度为 6mmol L ,Fe3+ 浓度为 0 2mmol L ,苯系物可完全降解。实验测定精密度RSD为 0 5 %。     

N掺杂TiO_2光催化还原地下水中硝酸盐

以硫酸钛为前驱体,采用水热沉淀法制备TiO2光催化剂,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和光电子能谱仪(XPS)进行表征和分析,考察了硫酸钛浓度、焙烧温度对光催化还原水中硝酸盐活性的影响.结果表明,制备的催化剂为掺杂N的锐钛矿型TiO2.硫酸钛浓度为0.5mol.L-1、焙烧温度为400℃时制备的催化剂活性最佳,反应120min后,硝酸盐转化率为95.8%,中间产物NO--N浓度为0.17mg·mL-1,副产物NH+-N浓度为1.52mg·mL-1.     

臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成效能与机理

比较了单独臭氧氧化和金属氧化物存在下臭氧催化氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成规律,探讨了催化剂投量、溴离子浓度、水的pH值、反应温度等对臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成的影响规律及在催化剂存在下控制溴酸盐生成的机理.结果表明,催化剂投量从0 mg/L增加到250 mg/L,能减少溴酸盐生成量85.1%;当溴离子浓度为0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/L时,臭氧催化氧化分别能减少溴酸盐生成量69.2%、83.5%和15.2%,溴离子浓度变化对催化作用的影响无明显规律;pH值升高会降低催化作用的效果;反应温度在5～25℃之间时,臭氧催化氧化能降低43%～59%的溴酸根生成量(溴离子浓度1.5 mg/L),反应温度变化不影响催化效果.催化剂通过抑制臭氧对次溴酸的氧化减少了溴酸根的生成量.催化剂表面的某些基团与硫酸根络合会削弱臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸根生成的能力,因此,利用催化剂控制溴酸盐的机理与催化剂表面性质密切相关.     

纳米助燃固硫添加剂的催化作用机理

溶胶.凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2作为CaO固硫添加剂,用热分析法对纳米TiO2催化煤燃烧以及催化CaO固硫的过程进行了实验研究.对燃烧后煤灰的孔径分布进行了分析.采用未反应收缩核模型对固硫反应的动力学过程进行表征.研究结果表明,纳米TiO2与CaO共同作用条件下对煤燃烧有明显的促进作用,即燃烧反应活化能E下降,同时纳米TiO2还能增大燃烧后煤灰的孔径,提高固硫率.氧气的存在抑制氧化钙的固硫转化率,纳米TiO2可以消弱氧气的抑制作用.对固硫反应的影响表现为在反应后期(即产物层扩散控制阶段),与固硫转化率和孔径分布的实验结果非常吻合;讨论了纳米TiO2催化燃烧催化固硫的机理,纳米TiO2导致碳晶格的扭曲,增加表面活性部位,加快氧气的吸附速度,使添加剂周围燃烧速度加快,煤灰孔隙增大从而强化燃烧,促进SO2转化成SO3的本征反应,促进二氧化硫向氧化钙内部的扩散从而提高CaO的固硫效果.     

The explosion of non-nano iron dust suspension in the 20-l spherical bomb

The understanding of dust explosion is still incomplete because of the lack of reliable data and accurate models accounting for all the physic-chemical aspects. Besides, most of the experimental data available in the current literature has been accumulated on the 20-l spherical bomb tests, which gives coarse results for the pressure history that cannot be easily converted into fundamental combustion parameters. Nevertheless, the large amount of experimental data available in the spherical bomb is attractive. In this work, the explosion of non-nano iron dust in the standard spherical vessel is analyzed, aiming at evaluating the burning velocity from the theoretical point of view and the simple experiments performed by the standard explosion tests. The choice of iron is of relevance because its adiabatic flame temperature is below the boiling temperature of both the reactants and oxidized gaseous, liquid, or solid (intermediate and final) products and for the negligible particle porosity, which instead is typical of organic dust. Therefore, a non-nano iron dust explosion can be reconducted to a reduced mechanism since heterogeneous (surface) combustion may be determinant, and the diffusion mechanism for oxygen is the only relevant. The laminar burning velocity is strongly dependant on the particle diameter, whereas little effects are due to the dust concentration. The reported final value was found in agreement with typical limiting laminar burning velocity, adopted for the estimation of flammability limits.     

Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

Catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater by sodium formate over the catalyst was investigated. Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by impregnation and characterized by brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), inductive coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that total nitrogen was effectively removed from the nitrate solution (100 mg/L) and the removal efficiency was 87%. The catalytic activity was affected by pH, catalyst amount used, concentration of sodium formate, and initial concentration of nitrate. As sodium formate was used as reductant, precise control in the initial pH was needed. Excessively high or low initial pH (7.0 or 3.0) reduced catalytic activity. At initial pH of 4.5, catalytic activity was enhanced by reducing the amount of catalyst, while concentrations of sodium formate increased with a considerable decrease in N₂ selectivity. In which case, catalytic reduction followed the first order kinetics. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(4): 567–571 [译自: 环境科学学报]