催化超临界水氧化废水处理技术的研究进展

简要介绍了作为反应介质的超临界水的物化性质及超临界水氧化的特点 ,阐述了催化超临界水氧化的一般工艺流程并分析了其过程的影响因素及各影响因素的相互关系 ,归纳了超临界水氧化的催化机理、动力学、水对多相催化反应的影响以及催化剂的研究进展 ,探讨了该项技术发展的前景与趋势     

NOx气体的催化治理

综述了ＮＯｘ—Ｈ２反应的机理，介绍了催化剂的特点及影响催化剂性能的主要因素     

In situ IR,pulse reaction and TPD-ITD study of catalytic performance of room-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation on supported gold catalysts

With in situ IR, two different CO adsorption bands were detected on various chemical state gold catalysts. One band is attributed to the linear CO on an oxidized gold catalyst(2100 cm i ), the other one is ascribed to the bridged CO on metallic gold (2085 cm- i ). CO pulse reaction showed that Au/Fe203 catalyst had a room-temperature activity even in the presence of moisture. The produced CO2 was detained and more easily desorbed from supported gold catalyst than support oxide. TPD-IDT results indicated that the 02- superoxide ions are the possible active oxygen species.     

M—铁氧体对印染废水催化脱色试验研究

本文介绍了用含不同组分的铁氧体(M-铁氧体)作为催化剂,对印染废水进行催化空气氧化脱色的试验研究.实验发现Ni-铁氧体对不溶性还原染料废液有较好的催化脱色能力,脱色率通常可达90％以上.红外光谱分析结果表明,Ni-铁氧体参与的不溶性还原染料废液的催化脱色反应是通过将染液中的助剂保险粉彻底氧化,从而使染料转化为不溶性沉淀物被分离而完成的.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation for the treatment of emulsifying wastewater

The wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic WAO(CWAO) of the high strength emulsifying wastewater containing nonionic surfactants have been investigated in terms of COD and TOC removal. The WAO and homogeneous CWAO processes were carried out at the temperature from 433 K to 513 K, with initial oxygen pressure 1.2 MPa. It was found that homogeneous catalyst copper(Cu(NO3)2) had an fairly good catalytic activity for the WAO process, and the oxidation was catalyzed when the temperature was higher than 473K. Moreover, several heterogeneous catalysts were proved to be effective for the WAO process. At the temperature 473 K, after 2h reaction, WAO process could achieve about 75% COD removal and 66% TOC removal, while catalysts Cu/Al2O3 and Mn-Ce/Al2O3 elevated the COD removal up to 86%-89% and that of TOC up to 82%. However, complete elimination of COD and TOC was proved to be difficult even the best non-noble catalyst was used. Therefore, the effluent from WAO or CWAO process need to be further disposed. The bioassay proved that the effluent from WAO process was amenable to the biochemical method.     

二氧化钛的制备及光催化降解阳离子艳红染料

以Ti(OC4H9) 4为原料 ,采用沉淀法制备出光催化剂TiO2 微粒 ,并用所制得的样品对阳离子艳红染料进行了光催化降解实验。讨论了催化剂的制备条件对催化剂TiO2 降解性能的影响。结果表明 :沉淀pH为 8 0、粒径 <2 0 0目、经蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤、焙烧温度为 5 0 0℃所得的微粒催化降解效果最好。在此催化剂的作用下 ,经 3 0min的照射 ,阳离子艳红染料的降解率大于 87%     

甲醇燃料汽车排气净化

在燃用纯甲醇(M100)的BJ492Q型四冲程发动机的台架试验中,用堇青石蜂窝金属钯催化剂进行了排气净化试验。在发动机的混合比调整和负荷特性试验条件下观察了排气中甲醇、甲醛和一氧化碳的净化效果,观察了发动机的怠速起动和暖机过程中催化剂的净化性能。结果表明,发动机排气经催化净化后,排气中甲醇、甲醛和一氧化碳的浓度分别降低到3—17ppm,1—13ppm和0.01—0.30%;净化率分别达到93—99%,92—98%和80—99%。在发动机怠速起动和暖机过程中催化剂可点燃发挥净化作用。制作了催化箱,在武汉213型越野客货车上初步考察了其实用性能。     

催化剂生产过程粉尘治理对策

粉尘已成为催化剂生产企业的主要职业病危害因素。通过点对点除尘,采用气力输送及新的密闭自动化工艺,现场无组织粉尘可控制在较好水平,8 h加权平均浓度均在1. 0 mg/m^3以下;通过采用旋风分离、袋式过滤、超重力湿法洗涤及云式除尘等技术,对催化剂生产过程尾气进行治理,可将粉尘浓度稳定降低至20 mg/m^3以下,实现达标排放。并提出应尽量设计连续流程,注重采用新设备、新工艺,从源头解决粉尘问题。     

贫燃条件下汽车尾气净化催化剂Ag—SAPO—34湿热稳定性的研究

为解决贫燃条件下汽车尾气净化催化剂湿热稳定性差的问题，采用离子交换法把Ag离子交换到耐湿热性好的磷酸硅铝分子筛SAPO－34上，制备了有良好湿热稳定性的Ag-SAPO-34分子筛催化剂。研究结果表明：该催化剂经600℃、800℃高温水热处理8h后，活性分别平均降低2．3％和5．5％。水热处理初始4h时，催化剂活性下降2－5个百分点。随着水热处理时间增加到8－12h，催化剂活性的下降幅度逐渐减少至1－3个百分点，并趋向于稳定。同时，SEN、XRD表征测试结果表明，催化剂的表面形貌和骨架晶格结构在热处理和水热处理前后没有发生大的变化，这是催化剂耐湿热稳定性的根本原因。     

二冲程摩托车尾气净化催化剂的制备与评价

采用分步浸渍法制备了二冲程摩托车尾气净化催化剂Pt Co Cu/γ -Al2 O3。运用XRD、BTT法、气相色谱、分光光度法等手段进行结构表征及活性评价。结果表明 ,催化剂中的活性非贵金属的高分散金属态和周期性转化的氧化态是催化作用的活性中心 ,微量贵金属在催化剂中是必需的 ,并且该催化剂冷起性能好 ,对净化二冲程摩托车尾气有较显著的效果 ,能氧化绝大部分HC ,对CO也有一定的氧化作用 ,且能还原一定的NOx。