水中直接染料的多相催化脱色的试验条件研究

实验结果表明,金属氧化物催化剂与活性炭和过氧化氢配合使用,对直接染料有很高的催化脱色率。反应进行迅速,以直接耐酸大红4BS和直接红棕RN为代表的正交实验表明影响催化脱色作用的主要因素为催化剂,其次是活性炭和过氧化氢。直接深蓝L－3RB,直接铜蓝2R,直接黑L－3BQ,直接耐晒黄RS,直接青莲RB等的最大脱色率为92.9%-99.5%。     

New Fe-immobilized natural bentonite plate used as photo-Fenton catalyst for organic pollutant degradation

Novel photo-Fenton catalysts were prepared by immobilizing iron species on commercial bentonite plates via two methods: (1) ion exchange reaction (Fe³⁺ vs. Na⁺) by aqueous suspension powder-clay/FeCl₃ followed by plate preparation, and (2) forced hydrolysis of Fe(NO₃)₃ onto a prefabricated clay plate. The last method led to a more photo-active Fe-oxide/bentonite plate. This material allowed, at a non-adjusted initial pH of 5.5 and in the presence of H₂O₂, the total degradation of resorcinol and 55% mineralization in 80 and 100 min of irradiation, respectively. The reached degradation percentages were correlated to the presence of dissolved iron, demonstrating that in these processes, the homogeneous photo-Fenton reactions were mainly responsible for the resorcinol elimination.Likewise, in slurry system, where clay has normally an increased surface area, there was no increase in activity because of a reduced leached iron probably due to the diminished light penetration in the suspension. Despite the lower surface area, in comparison to that of the slurry, the clay plates have the advantage, as heterogeneous photo-catalysts, that separation of the reaction media after treatment is not needed, and thus, a potential use for batch and continuous reaction systems is proposed.     

Fenton试剂预处理化工综合废水的研究

以化学工业园区废水为研究对象初步研究了Fenton试剂预处理化工综合废水时各影响因子的作用机制,通过正交实验确定了Fenton反应的最佳操作条件为：反应时间70 min,硫酸亚铁投加量为2.6 mmol/L,温度为40℃,初始pH3.5,二价铁离子和过氧化氢的摩尔比为1∶8时,COD的去除率可达到60%以上,B/C值可...     

微波诱导催化剂Fe2O3／沸石氧化处理印染废水

以自制改性沸石为催化剂,通过微波诱导氧化技术,对活性嫩黄模拟废水进行氧化处理。采用尿素均匀沉淀包裹法制备Fe2O3／沸石微波诱导催化剂。利用SEM、XRD、IR等分析手段分别对催化剂的表面形态、物相结构等特性进行表征。实验考察了催化剂用量、微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率对活性嫩黄废水的降解效果。结果表明：在催化剂用量3g／L、微波功率900W、辐射时间4min的条件下,对50mg／L活性嫩黄的处理率达到97％。     

低频超声协同Fe-Ni-Mn／Al2O3催化降解酸性绿B的研究

采用低频超声与Fe-Ni-Mn／Al2O3催化剂协同降解偶氮染料酸性绿B模拟废水,考察染料初始浓度和pH值、催化剂、饱和气体及H2O2等因素对酸性绿B降解效果的影响,结果表明：催化剂Fe-Ni-Mn／Al2O3与低频超声存在协同效应,催化剂的最佳投加量为6g／L;酸性条件有利于染料的超声降解,当pH=3．8时,可取得最佳的降解效果;酸性绿B降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低,其优化初始浓度为100mg／L,此外,在反应体系中鼓入饱和气体也可促进酸性B的降解,且影响顺序为混合气体（air＋Ar）〉氧气〉氩气;在反应过程中投加H2O2有利于染料降解率的提高。在优化实验条件下降解150min,酸性绿B色度去除率达到91．4％。     

低频超声协同Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化降解酸性绿B的研究

采用低频超声与Fe-Ni-Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂协同降解偶氮染料酸性绿B模拟废水,考察染料初始浓度和pH值、催化剂、饱和气体及H₂O₂等因素对酸性绿B降解效果的影响, 结果表明：催化剂Fe-Ni-Mn/Al₂O₃与低频超声存在协同效应,催化剂的最佳投加量为6 g/L;酸性条件有利于染料的超声降解,当pH=3.8时, 可取得最佳的降解效果; 酸性绿B降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低,其优化初始浓度为100 mg/L,此外,在反应体系中鼓入饱和气体也可促进酸性B的降解,且影响顺序为混合气体(air+Ar)＞氧气＞氩气;在反应过程中投加H₂O₂有利于染料降解率的提高。在优化实验条件下降解150 min,酸性绿B色度去除率达到91.4%。     

A multi-flowpath model for the interpretation of immiscible displacement experiments in heterogeneous soil columns

This work focuses on the phenomenon of the immiscible two-phase flow of water and oil in saturated heterogeneous soil columns. The goal is to develop a fast and reliable method for quantifying soil heterogeneities for incorporation into the relevant capillary pressure and relative permeability functions. Such data are commonly used as input data in simulators of contaminant transport in the subsurface. Rate-controlled drainage experiments are performed on undisturbed soil columns and the transient response of the axial distribution of water saturation is determined from electrical measurements. The transient responses of the axial distribution of water saturation and total pressure drop are fitted with the multi-flowpath model (MFPM) where the pore space is regarded as a system of parallel paths of different permeability. The MFPM enables us to quantify soil heterogeneity at two scales: the micro-scale parameters describe on average the effects of pore network heterogeneities on the two-phase flow pattern; the macro-scale parameters indicate the variability of permeability at the scale of interconnected pore networks. The capillary pressure curve is consistent with that measured with mercury intrusion porosimetry over the low pressure range. The oil relative permeability increases sharply at a very low oil saturation (< 10^− 3) and tends to a high end value. The water relative permeability decreases abruptly at a low oil saturation (~ 0.1), whereas the irreducible wetting phase saturation is quite high. The foregoing characteristics of the two-phase flow properties are associated with critical (preferential) flowpaths that comprise a very small percentage of the total pore volume, control the overall hydraulic conductivity, and are consistent with the very broad range of pore-length scales usually probed in soil porous matrix.     

一株碱性脱除硫酸盐细菌的筛选及其生长特性研究

生化铁碱溶液催化法气体脱硫方法（简称DDS法）具有良好脱硫效果,但是DDS溶液在脱硫后会导致脱硫能力降低,为了达到使DDS脱硫残液得到再生的目的,从自然环境中筛选能够使DDS脱硫残液得到再生的微生物并对其进行了研究。通过富集培养及纯化,从黑龙江省五大连池火山口附近土样中筛选出一株碱性条件下脱除硫酸盐的菌株WT-1。对该菌株的生长曲线进行了测定,培养4～6 h菌株进入对数期,20 h左右到达稳定期。并研究了温度、pH值和摇床转速对其生长特性和活性的影响,结果表明,该菌株的最适生长条件为：温度35～45℃,pH值8,摇床转速120 r/min。同时,脱硫试验表明WT-1确实具有脱除硫酸盐的能力。     

SCR脱硝蜂窝陶瓷催化剂载体的制备

以二氧化钛、氧化铝作为主要原料,通过柱塞式挤压成型法制备了0.15 m×0.15 m×1 m规格的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂载体。通过对不同原料组成的载体性能对比,研究了各配方组分对载体性能的影响。为了提高载体活性,在21号配方的基础上加入A、B 2种商用造孔剂,考察了不同造孔剂的造孔性能。考察了蜂窝陶瓷载体负载催化剂后选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性,结果负载催化剂后的载体21a的在300℃时NO转化率达到最大96.5%。     

钒基活化液增活V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2催化剂的实验研究

基于催化剂在线增活工艺,以火电厂运行条件下的典型钒钛类失活催化剂为原料,采用单因素变量法展开了钒基活化液各成分对失活催化剂增活效果的研究,对活化液增活后的催化剂进行活性评价及SEM、BET、FT-IR和XRD等分析,考察增活前后NO转换率、催化剂表面形貌及结构的变化情况。研究结果表明,在实验条件下,随着4种活性成分含量的增加,催化剂增活后NO转换率均呈现先升高后降低的规律,NO转换率最高达99%,且增活后催化剂表面活性成分增加,Brnsted酸性位增多,比表面积增加,对烟气具有较强适应力。