燃煤催化剂的废弃物资源开发

介绍了燃煤催化剂的成份，说明其废弃物资源的丰富性，指出开发过程中应注意的事项。     

先进实用挥发性有机废气吸附与催化净化技术

介绍了挥发性有机废气吸附与催化净化的先进技术及其进展,阐明了最新发展的解吸技术及吸附材料使解吸的时间缩短、效率提高、能耗少和解决难解吸等问题,改进的催化燃烧设备及催化材料则能更有效地净化VOCs及减少二次污染的产生,这些先进的技术及新材料为VOCs治理提供了有效的途径。     

层柱粘土催化剂在SCR烟气脱硝中的应用

电站锅炉排放的氮氧化物（NOx）是大气污染的主要来源之一,对人类的健康构成了极大的威胁。在我国燃煤电站中,大多采用低NOx燃烧技术,而脱硝效率较高的选择性催化还原（SCR）技术则应用较少。随着我国NOx排放标准的日益严格,SCR技术将会在我国获得较大的发展。在SCR技术的应用过程中,催化剂的制备生产是其中最重要的组成部分,其催化性能直接影响到SCR系统的整体脱硝效果。层柱粘土（Pillared Interlayer Clays,PILC）催化剂,是近年来国际上正在大力研究开发的一种新型催化材料,具备非常优异的催化性能。我国拥有丰富的膨润土资源,它是制备层柱粘土的主要原料。研究层柱粘土催化剂对于我国的环保产业及非金属矿业的发展具有重要意义。     

含氮有机物在Pt／HM,Pd／HM和CuO／HM催化剂上的氧化降解

本文考虑了乙腈、硝基甲烷和乙二胺在Ｐｔ／ＨＭ，Ｐｄ／ＨＭ和ＣｕＯ／ＨＭ催化剂上氧化降解产物随反应温度的变化。在实验温度范围内，含氮产物在Ｎ２，Ｎ２Ｏ和ＮＯ２。随着反应温度的升高，硝基甲烷氧化降解的Ｎ２选择性呈单调下降；而乙腈和乙二胺的Ｎ２选择性出现极小值；高温时Ｎ２选择性升高可能是氧化生成的ＮＯ在高温时更在利于和ＣＮ基或ＮＨ２基相互反应生成Ｎ２的缘故。对于乙腈和乙二胺的催化氧化降解活性为：Ｐｔ／Ｈ     

CuO/zeolite catalyzed oxidation of gaseous toluene under microwave heating

The development of a combined process of catalytic oxidation and microwave heating for treatment of toluene waste gas was described in this work. Toluene, a typical toxic volatile organic compound, was oxidized through a fixed bed reaction chamber containing zeolite-supported copper oxide (CuO/zeolite) catalyst mixed with silicon carbide (SiC), an excellent microwave-absorbing material. The target compound was efficiently degraded on the surface of the catalyst at high reaction temperature achieved by microwave-heated SiC. A set of experimental parameters, such as microwave power, air flow and the loading size of CuO etc., were investigated, respectively. The study demonstrated these parameters had critical impact on toluene degradation. Under optimal condition, 92% toluene was removed by this combined process, corresponding to an 80%–90% TOC removal rate. Furthermore, the catalyst was highly stable even after eight consecutive 6-h runs. At last, a hypothetical degradation pathway of toluene was proposed based on the experimental data obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses.     

Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂对活性艳蓝KN-R脱色的研究

利用Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色进行研究,探讨了催化剂的制备方法、铁负载量、投加剂量、反应体系pH值以及焙烧温度对活性艳蓝KN-R催化脱色效率的影响,并考察了催化剂的重复利用性能.结果表明:离子交换法制得的Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂表现出较佳的染料脱色性能.在pH＜3.0,H2O2投加剂量为50.0 mmol·l-1,催化剂投加剂量为4.0g·l-1的条件下,对初始浓度为250mg·l-1的KN-R模拟染料废水,30 min之内脱色率达95%以上.采用有机酸络合铁作为铁源制得的Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂的催化活性大幅增强,但催化剂稳定性降低.铁负载量影响染料的脱色反应活性,过量负载会导致染料脱色效率降低;同样,适度增大催化剂用量可促进染料脱色效率,但过量投加不利于染料的脱色.pH＜3.0为该Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂的适用pH条件;催化剂重复利用三次后,1h内对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色率仍可达95%以上.     

半导体光催化氧化有机物的研究现状及发展趋势

就半导体光催化氧化法的机理,光催化对有机物的氧化能力,提高光催化剂催化活性的途径及固定相光催化的进展等几面进行了较为全面的概述,并提出了光催化氧化法今后的研究方向。可以预见,光催化氧化将会成为新型有效的水处理手段。     

Hydrogen generation from polyvinyl alcohol-contaminated wastewater by a process of supercritical water gasification

Gasification of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-contaminated wastewater in supercritical water(SCW)was investigated in a continuous flow reactor at 723-873 K,20-36 MPa and residence time of 20-60 s.The gas and liquid products were analyzed by GC/TCD,and TOC analyzer.The main gas products were H_2,CH_4,CO and CO_2.Pressure change had no significant influence on gasification efficiency. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced gasification efficiency,and lower temperature favored the production of H_2. The effects of KOH catalyst on gas product composition were studied,and gasification efficiency were analyzed.The TOC removal efficiency(R_(TOC)),carbon gasification ratio(R_(CG))and hydrogen gasification ratio(R_(HG))were up to 96.00%,95.92% and 126.40% at 873 K and 60 s,respectively,which suggests PVA can be completely gasified in SCW.The results indicate supercritical water gasification for hydrogen generation is a promising process for the treatment of PVA wastewater.     

零价铁与过硫酸盐异相芬顿降解活性艳橙X-GN

采用零价铁(Fe~0)与过硫酸盐构建异相类芬顿体系,由Fe0腐蚀释放Fe~(2+)催化S_2 O_8~(2-)产生硫酸根自由基快速降解偶氮染料活性艳橙,考察了初始p H值、Fe~0投加量、过硫酸盐投加量和温度对降解过程的影响。结果表明,当活性艳橙初始浓度为100 mg/L、pH值为7、Fe~0投加量为0.5 g/L、过硫酸盐投加量为1 mmol/L和反应温度为30℃时,反应60 min后活性艳橙降解率达到92.6%。酸性条件和提高反应温度均有利反应的进行,而且活性艳橙的降解率在初始pH值为9时也高于90%。反应过程符合准一级动力学,表观反应速率常数k为0.0513 min~(-1)(30℃)。UV-Vis扫描显示,活性艳橙的发色基团在反应过程中被破坏。由Fe~0与S_2O_8~(2-)构成的异相Fenton体系可作为一种高效手段用于染料废水的处理。     

H2O2预氧化对负载铁制备污泥炭基催化剂效能的影响

以城市污水厂二沉池污泥为原料,考察了不同H_2O_2投加量下污泥预氧化对铁负载污泥形成前驱体及其热解后制得炭基催化剂性能的影响,研究了污泥预氧化对强化铁负载制备均一分散型污泥炭基催化剂的机理.结果表明,污泥预氧化促进了污泥细胞破解,降低了絮体颗粒粒径和表面Zeta电位,使铁负载量增加、铁活性位点在污泥载体上的分散性明显增强,形成炭基催化剂保持着高催化活性,其稳定性显著增加.对模拟含铬黑T染料废水的多相芬顿降解试验说明,当污泥预氧化H_2O_2投加量为2.25%时制备的炭基催化剂,其反应120 min后铬黑T的降解率为91%,略低于未预氧化时污泥炭基催化剂的降解效率(96%);但未预氧化炭基催化剂其反应后溶液中铁离子的溶出量(18.9%)远高于预氧化后形成的催化剂(2.5%),且后者循环3次对铬黑T的降解率仍可达到86%,表现出较强的稳定性.