成渝产业带产业结构的相似性及其结构转换力分析

利用数据方差,相关系数和相似系数指标对成渝产业带这一长江上游具有重要地位的经济区域进行了产业和结构特征分析。从产业部门相对变动的总体方差看,第一产业在国内生产总值中的份额变动幅度最大,即第一产业在国内生产总值的比重元首衡性最弱,第三产业次之,第二产业最小;     

南京河西淤泥质粉质粘土卸荷回弹变形研究

通过大量室内固结回弹试验,研究了南京河西地区淤泥质粉质粘土的卸荷回弹变形规律.固结-回弹-再压缩曲线表明该地区淤泥质粉质粘土的弹性变形要比其塑性变形量小得多,卸荷再压缩后,土体的压缩性也明显降低;通过分析卸荷比和回弹率、回弹应变以及回弹模量的关系曲线,确定了该地区淤泥质粉质粘土的临界卸荷比和极限卸荷比指标,从而可以确定...     

廊道式好氧活性污泥法工艺去除氨氮和CODCr的运行总结

研究分析廊道式活性污泥法工艺的诸多优点,同时发现适当的提高水力负荷有利于提高系统的生化处理效果和能力,最后还发现氨氮处理效果的增强,使SV30有所增大,他们之间有很好的正相关性;因为硝化菌群的絮凝效果较弱而引起的.     

祁连山区水资源及其对河西走廊生态环境的影响

根据甘肃省河西地区石羊河、黑河和疏勒河三大内陆水系的祁连山区流域水资源和出山径流量,详细地计算了河西走廊各县市绿洲的实际年水资源。从生态平衡角度出发,确定了各县市绿洲和农田的生态需水量。据此,计算出基本能保持各县市自然生态平衡的绿洲和农田的适宜面积。     

三峡水库水位涨落带的景观生态分析及其对策

三蛱大坝建成后，将在两岸形成涨落带。涨落带在景观中起廊道的作用。它具有明显的边缘性特征，并对物种流、水土流失和库周环境发生作用。针对上述问题，本文对合理利用该带土地提出相应的对策。     

Locational Errors in Maps from Environmental Surveys and Their Implications for Information Extraction

1.Information on all maps, including those which depict characters of the natural environment, is subject to locational error. 2.Locational errors on field-sketched maps are attributable to inaccuracies both in the base map itself and in the method of locating and recording features onto the base map. 3.Two main sources of error associated with field sketch mapping were quantified using the River Corridor Survey maps as an example. First, channel widths are routinely exaggerated on these maps to allow recording of in-channel features. Distortions of river bank length of the order of 25% were shown to arise from a four-fold exaggeration of the width of a sinuous channel. Second, discrepancies in feature location of the order of 20% were found along a 500 m river stretch, although errors could be reduced to approximately 2% if undistorted, large-scale base maps were used. 4.An abundance scale appropriate to the inherent locational inaccuracy was devised to extract semi-quantitative information from River Corridor Surveys recorded on distorted base maps. Application of this scale to 29 River Corridor Survey maps of a 14·5 km river corridor produced a useful representation of environmental gradients within the corridor. 5.With the increasing potential to integrate and analyse environmental information within large computer databases including Geographic Information Systems, it is essential that the level of accuracy is recognised and quantified so that the errors can be allowed for in the development of methods of extracting information from the maps.     

建设甘肃河西内陆区水资源战略安全体系的构想

主要通过对河西内陆区生命支持系统的水资源战略重要性,区域社会经济的发展与问题的分析,依据现有基础条件,提出了建设甘肃河西内陆区水资源战略安全体系的构想:建立三条战略安全防线,形成四套节水技术体系,实施技术集成的示范基地建设,为实现新世纪水-经济-生态系统可持续发展提供坚实基础.     

河西走廊古遗址时空演变与环境变迁

河西走廊在史前和历史时期是欧亚大陆东西方文化交流的重要通道。近年来该区域考古调查、环境变化研究等方面取得明显进展,为研究局域地貌内遗址时空演变与环境变迁提供可能。通过整理河西走廊考古调查资料,应用文化分布界值、文化重心等方法综合分析该区古文化的时空演变过程,并应用GIS技术提取相应遗址点现今的环境(高程、河流、植被和沙地)信息,结合古人类生产生活方式推测该区古今环境变化及其原因,并分析了该区域古文化演变的驱动机制。结果显示:3.5 ka BP前,古文化主要由东南向西北方向扩散;3.5—3.0 ka BP古文化仅分布在河西东部地区;3.0—2.4 ka BP骟马文化和沙井文化重新分布在河西的东部和西部地区;约4.0 ka BP、3.6 ka BP和3.0 ka BP的极端气候使古遗址的高程分布发生显著变化,遗址点所在地的河流、植被、沙地均发生不同程度的变化。气候变化是河西走廊古文化时空演变的主要驱动力,欧亚大陆的文化交流、战争战乱和境外文化的传入也是其重要的影响因素。     

Differences in soil nitrification and denitrification capacities following reclamation years of native desert soils to irrigated croplands in Hexi Corridor Region of Northwest China北大核心CSCD

Nitrogen (N) loss in irrigated croplands from coupled nitrification and denitrification shows considerable differences due to differences in soil properties and agricultural management practices. Previous research has demonstrated that soil physicochemical properties strongly affect nitrification and denitrification capacities of cropland soils. However, existing research on soil nitrification and denitrification following the conversion of native desert soils to irrigated croplands lacks long-term tracking and monitoring capabilities. Therefore, six types of reclamation years of irrigated croplands and uncultivated sandy land in the Hexi Corridor marginal oasis in northwestern China were selected for study, and the differences in soil nitrification and denitrification rates and physicochemical properties were studied over 42 sites in the desert-oasis ecotone derived from seven reclamation sequences, including the years of 0, 15, 30, 50, 80, 100, and 150. The results showed that the nitrification and denitrification rates of soil first increased and then decreased with the increase in reclamation years. The highest soil nitrification rate and denitrification rate were observed at 80 years of cultivation (101.4 μg g-1 d-1) and 100 years of cultivation (0.93 μg g-1 d-1), respectively. In addition, the soil nitrification and denitrification rates in the natural sandy land were significantly lower than those in the cultivated croplands (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations among soil nutrients, soil moisture, and soil particle size composition between the nitrification and denitrification rates (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that environmental variables accounted for 69.7% and 75.7% of the variation in nitrification and denitrification rates, respectively. Among them, organic matter content, pH, soil moisture, and NH4+-N content were the key factors affecting the change in soil denitrification rate, while organic matter content, NO3--N, pH, and clay content were the key factors affecting the change in soil denitrification rate. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

河西走廊东部沙尘日变化特征及其与气象因子的关系

沙尘天气是河西走廊东部多发的灾害天气之一.为提高河西走廊东部沙尘天气的预测、预报、预警水平,更好地预防沙尘灾害和沙尘天气对空气质量的污染.利用河西走廊东部5个气象站1960-2016年逐日沙尘（包括浮尘、扬沙及沙尘暴）资料和四季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均风速、大风日、蒸发量、降水量、相对湿度等资料,运用统计学方法分析了河西走廊东部各强度沙尘日的时空分布特征以及沙尘日与气象因子的相关性.结果表明:受海拔、地形地貌以及天气系统等影响,各强度沙尘日（除浮尘外）由东北向西南呈递减趋势.年代、年各强度沙尘日呈显著减少趋势,沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘递减率分别为-2.436、-5.277、-5.719 d/（10 a）,气候趋势系数均通过了α=0.01的显著性水平检验.年沙尘日的时间序列均存在着6~8 a的准周期变化.各强度沙尘日均为春季最多,秋季最少,且各季节沙尘日均呈显著减少趋势,递减率为春季>夏季>冬季>秋季,气候趋势系数均通过了α=0.01的显著性水平检验.各强度沙尘日月变化比较一致,高峰值出现在4月,低谷值出现在9月.气象因子对沙尘天气有一定的影响,同一季节气象因子对各强度沙尘日的影响相对一致,但不同的季节气象因子对各强度沙尘日的影响不一致.热力因子和动力因子是影响沙尘天气的主导因子,水分因子的影响较弱.研究显示,气候变暖、冷空气活动频次和强度减弱是沙尘日减少的主要原因之一,大气环流的季节性转变是沙尘天气季节性变化的主要原因.