云南疣柄牛肝菌属真菌中汞含量及食用健康风险分析

汞(Hg)对人类健康有明显的毒害作用,多数野生食用菌对Hg有很强的富集能力,测定野生食用菌中总Hg含量,并对其进行食用安全评估有重要意义。采用冷原子吸收光谱法测定云南常见疣柄牛肝菌属真菌菌盖、菌柄中总汞(Hg)含量,分析样品对Hg的富集特征;以FAO/WHO现行每周Hg允许摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)标准,评估疣柄牛肝菌属真菌的食用安全性。结果显示,不同产地、种类及不同采集时间疣柄牛肝菌属真菌的总Hg含量差异明显,菌盖中总Hg含量在0.54~4.80 mg·kg-1dw之间,菌柄总Hg含量在0.32~2.80 mg·kg~(-1)dw之间,同一种牛肝菌菌盖总Hg含量均大于菌柄(Q(C/S)1),表明疣柄牛肝菌属真菌对Hg的积累量与生长环境、种类、部位等有关。根据FAO/WHO暂行的每周Hg允许摄入量标准(0.004 mg·kg-1bw),成年人(60 kg)每周食用300 g(鲜重)采自云南的疣柄牛肝菌属真菌,Hg摄入量远低于PTWI标准,对人体Hg暴露风险较低。     

Dynamics of mercury fluxes and their controlling factors in large Hg-polluted floodplain areas

Environmental pollution by mercury (Hg) is a considerable environmental problem world-wide. Due to the occurrence of Hg volatilization from their soils, floodplains can function as an important source of volatile Hg. Soil temperature and soil water content related to flood dynamics are considered as important factors affecting seasonal dynamics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes. We quantified seasonal variations of TGM fluxes and conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment to assess the effect of temperature and moisture on TGM fluxes in heavily polluted floodplain soils. Observed TGM emissions ranged from 10 to 850 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and extremely exceeded the emissions of non-polluted sites. TGM emissions increased exponentially with raised air and soil temperatures in both field (R²: 0.49-0.70) and laboratory (R²: 0.99) experiments. Wet soil material showed higher TGM fluxes, whereas the role of soil water content was affected by sampling time during the microcosm experiments.     

Estimating mercury emissions from a zinc smelter in relation to China’s mercury control policies

Mercury concentrations of flue gas at inlet/outlet of the flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, reclaiming tower, acid plant, and mercury contents in zinc concentrate and by-products were measured in a hydrometallurgical zinc smelter. The removal efficiency of flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, mercury reclaiming and acid plant was about 17.4%, 30.3%, 87.9% and 97.4% respectively. Flue gas cleaning and electrostatic demister captured 11.7% and 25.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate, respectively. The mercury reclaiming tower captured 58.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate. About 4.2% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was captured by the acid plant. Consequently, only 0.8% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was emitted to the atmosphere. The atmospheric mercury emission factor was 0.5 g t⁻¹ of zinc produced for the tested smelter, indicating that this process offers the potential to effectively reduce mercury emissions from zinc smelting.     

流动注射-氢化物发生-双道原子荧光同时测定水处理剂中的汞和砷

研究了一种流动注射-氢化物发生-双道原子荧光同时测定水处理剂——聚合氯化铝中汞和砷的方法。汞和砷的检出限分别为0．007ug/L和0．07ug／L,平行样相对标准偏差小于5．1％,加标回收率在90．8％～106％之间。     

Environmental mercury contamination of an artisanal zinc smelting area in Weining County, Guizhou, China

To investigate the extent of Hg contamination due to artisanal Zn smelting activities in Weining County, northwestern Guizhou, China, total Hg and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in soil and surface water were determined. Samples of corn plants growing in the study area were also collected for total Hg analysis. A high geometric mean Hg emission factor of 75gHgt(-1)Zn was estimated and significantly elevated total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were found in the atmosphere adjacent to the Zn smelting sites, ranging from 30 to 3814ngm(-3). Total Hg and MeHg concentrations in topsoil samples ranged from 62 to 355microgkg(-1) and from 0.20 to 1.1microgkg(-1), respectively. Total Hg Concentrations in corn plant tissues increased in the order of grainsHg pollution to the local environment resulted from the artisanal Zn smelting activities.     

Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in different ecophysiological groups of earthworms in forest soils

Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd and Pb by eight ecophysiologically distinct earthworm species was studied in 27 polluted and uncontaminated forest soils. Lowest tissue concentrations of Hg and Cd occurred in epigeic Lumbricus rubellus and highest in endogeic Octolasion cyaneum. Soils dominated by Dendrodrilus rubidus possess a high potential of risk of Pb biomagnification for secondary predators. Bioconcentration factors (soil-earthworm) followed the sequence ranked Cd > Hg > Pb. Ordination plots of redundancy analysis were used to compare HM concentrations in earthworm tissues with soil, leaf litter and root concentrations and with soil pH and CEC. Different ecological categories of earthworms are exposed to Hg, Cd and Pb in the topsoil by atmospheric deposition and accumulate them in their bodies. Species differences in HM concentrations largely reflect differences in food selectivity and niche separation.     

好氧活性污泥对水相中Hg~(2+)的吸附特性

通过好氧活性污泥对Hg2+的静态吸附实验,及连续运行条件下,改变进水Hg2+浓度的吸附实验,研究了好氧活性污泥对污水中Hg2+的吸附特性,结果表明:好氧活性污泥对Hg2+的静态吸附集中在前8小时;好氧活性污泥对Hg2+的饱和吸附容量为0.35 mg/g;随着运行时间的增加,不同Hg2+浓度对比组中的活性污泥对Hg2+的去除率均有不同程度的下降;逐步提高进水Hg2+浓度,可以提高活性污泥对Hg2+的吸附能力:连续运行条件下,存在明显的生物吸附作用;在连续运行的过程中,5.73 mg/L的Hg2+对好氧活性污泥去除COD和氨氮的抑制作用不明显,但57.30 mg/L时对COD和氨氮的去除的影响较明显。     

ZnCl_2溶液对褐煤半焦表面性质及其中高温脱汞性能的影响

利用ZnCl_2溶液对褐煤进行浸渍后在700℃条件下热解制备改性半焦,采用N2吸附/脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等手段对ZnCl_2处理前后两种半焦表面物化性质进行了表征,在小型固定床反应器上研究了ZnCl_2溶液浸渍处理前后褐煤半焦对气态单质汞(Hg~0)的脱除性能.结果表明,经过ZnCl_2处理得到的半焦(ZSC)具有发达的孔隙结构,其表面含氧官能团含量和数量有所提高,并出现了新的C-Cl基团;在100~360℃温度范围内,制备的改性半焦ZSC的脱汞效率随温度升高而降低,但在中高温条件下仍表现出良好的脱汞性能;在化学吸附过程中,气态Hg0被C-Cl基团氧化为HgCl或HgCl_2,同时Hg~0与半焦表面含氧官能团结合生成HgO,Hg~0最终以HgCl_2或HgO的形式附着在半焦表面.     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on adsorption and desorption of mercury by soils

Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on adsorption and desorption of Hg were investigated in two kinds of soils, Xanthi-Udic Ferralosols (XUF) and Typic Purpli-Udic Cambosols (TPUC). The DOM was obtained from humus soil (DOMH), rice straw (DOMR), and pig manure (DOMP). The presence of DOM obviously reduced Hg maximum adsorption capacity with up to 40% decreases over the control, being an order of DOMH (250.00 mg/kg)< DOMR (303.03 mg/kg) < DOMP (322.58 mg/kg) < CK (control 416.67 mg/kg) for the XUF and ...     

Ag-AgIO3改性BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用沉积沉淀-光还原法制备了不同AgIO₃含量的BiOI光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和电子自旋共振对其物理化学结构进行表征,在光催化反应器上研究了AgIO₃负载量、光照、溶液温度、pH值、SO₂和NO对气态单质汞（Hg⁰）去除性能的影响.结果表明,与BiOI相比,Ag-AgIO₃改性后光催化剂的脱汞性能大幅提高.当AgIO₃负载量为4wt.%时,光催化剂的脱汞效率高达98%.与NO相比,SO₂对脱汞性能的抑制作用更大.由于Ag和AgIO₃在BiOI表面的高度分散性,Ag-AgIO₃（4%） BiOI的可见光吸收性能明显提高.荧光灯辐照与Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂协同会产生大量的活性物种.在Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂的高效脱汞体系中,超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）为最主要的活性物质,而空穴（h⁺）和羟基自由基（·OH）次之.