砷、汞、镉质控混合水样的配制

本文讨论了质控混合水样的配制方法,叙述了质控样品的均匀性、稳定性试验及定值的原则和方法,详实地列出了有关统计检验方法。在现有实验室条件下,可以配制出满足监测工作需要的质量控制样品。     

高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾消化冷原子荧光法测定总悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞

测定环境大气悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞，用４种消化液进行对比实验，其中高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾混合液消化效果较好，用冷原子荧光测定操作简便，检测下限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ，重复测定９个实际样品，相对标准偏差为１１．６％，变异系数为１０．４％，添加汞标准回收率为１０２％。     

A Simple Field Method to Determine Mercury Volatilization from Soils (3 pp)

Background Estimations of gaseous mercury volatilization from soils are often complex, stationary and expensive. Our objective was to develop a mobile and more simple, easy to handle and more cost-effective field method allowing rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions from soils. Methods. The study site is located in Germany, about 100 kilometers south-westerly of Berlin and influenced by the river Elbe and its tributary Saale river. The site is representative for a lot of other floodplain locations at the river Elbe and highly polluted with Hg and other heavy metals. For our study we developed a system consisting of a glass chamber gas, two gold traps, a battery operated pump and a gas meter. Adsorbed total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the gold traps was determined by use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results and Discussion. In contrast to the common used flux chambers we designed a chamber without inlet and named it gas suck up chamber (GSC). TGM fluxes determined with the GSC showed a very close linear correlation (r = 0.993) between the TGM content in the gold traps and the corresponding pumped gas volume. The TGM adsorbed, increased proportional with increasing gas volume indicating homogenous concentrations of gaseous mercury in the soil air sucked. In contrast to the commonly used dynamic flux chamber with the aim of precisely measuring actual fluxes of Hg from a defined soil area, we focused on developing of a measurement system which will allow rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions of a site. Earlier research at the study site indicated a high potential for releasing volatile Hg from the soil to the atmosphere. Indeed, due to the high Hg content of the soil significant amounts of TGM could be detected and no shortage was reached. Conclusion. Our initial measurements are still too few in number neither to generalize the achieved results nor discuss controlling factors and processes. However, we are pleased to communicate that the developed GSC is well suited to become an effective sampling set up to rapidly estimate the magnitude of Hg volatilization from soils. Outlook. Further measurements at other polluted locations are necessary to verify the GSC method. In addition the use of a mercury analyzer instead of gold traps is planned for faster risk assessments.     

高效藻类塘氮磷去除机理的研究进展

首先介绍了高效藻类塘的发展历史和特点,其次简述了高效藻类塘的生物特性和物理化学变化规律,并重点论述了高效藻类塘的氮磷去除机理及其影响因素,最后对高效藻类塘在控制非点源污染中的应用前景进行展望.     

农田土壤重金属汞、镉污染的治理措施

介绍了农田土壤重金属汞、镉污染的原因、特点以及目前常用的去除农田土壤重金属汞、镉的措施.     

丹寨汞金矿床卤素元素与古油藏关系探讨

丹寨汞金矿床是与古油藏共生的金属矿床 ,产在古油藏的边缘 ,矿区内发育大量的油气演化产物沥青、含烃有机包裹体等有机质 ,可见该矿床与古油藏有密切的地质关系。对矿区内卤素元素地球化学特征的研究结果表明 ,矿区内溴、碘的富集程度远比氟、氯高 ,这与古油藏油田卤水的形成演化有关。而且 ,油田卤水是该矿床成矿热液的主要来源。     

Hg、Cd对阿匍虾虎鱼及黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性影响

通过在水中添加重金属Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ的方法，获得了这两种金属对阿匍虾虎鱼和风褐新糠虾的９６ｈ半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０），结果表明Ｈｇ对阿匍虾虎鱼和黑褐新糠虾的９６ｈ急性毒性要比Ｃｄ的大，且Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ对黑褐新糠虾的９６ｈ急性毒性要比阿匍虾虎鱼的大。     

挥发酚测定中的边界条件初探

4-氨基安替比林萃取光度法测定水样中挥发酚,是环境监测中首选的测定方法.在样品的采集、水样预处理及分析操作过程中,除了严格执行操作技术规程外,还要考虑分析中的关键技术、边界条件等一些因素,以保证实验的顺利进行和分析数据的准确可靠.     

长春市大气颗粒汞污染特征及影响因子分析

应用大流量大气采样器采集的TSP样品测定了长春市4个功能区及一个对照点的大气颗粒汞浓度。结果表明，大气颗粒汞体积浓度（Cv）与单位重量颗粒物上的汞含量（Cm)在时间上呈相似的变化趋势，采暖期高于非采暖期。而在空间上则相反，Cv市区大于对照点，对Cm则对照点大于市区，说明了大气颗粒汞主要结合在细粒径的颗粒物上。TSP与大气颗粒汞浓度呈正相关关系，它是大气颗粒汞浓度的决定性因素；降水是影响大气颗粒汞的主要气象因子，燃煤与地面扬尘是大气颗粒汞的两个主要来源。     

贵州梵净山自然保护区大气汞的沉降

以铜仁汞矿为点源，研究对梵净山汞的辐射、沉降及流通影响．在海拔５００ｍ的梵净山定位测定，应用Ｍｏｓｂａｇ方法，评价梵净山Ｈｇ的干湿沉降的累积是１１５μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１，干沉降大约占总沉降的５０％，通过测定苔藓生物量和Ｈｇ含量估算Ｈｇ的总沉降量为８５０μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１，Ｈｇ的流通量平均为２１０μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１，Ｈｇ的总沉降占总流通量８０％．Ｈｇ在梵净山沉降累积随高度变化关系明显，海拔２０００ｍ以下时汞的沉降累积量较大，和苔藓植物指示汞含量变化关系相一致．