中子活化分析环境样品干扰元素的分离

环境样品使用中子活化法分析,在γ多道测量过程中,常有干扰发生。若将铜载体加入松叶分解液中,可与CH_3CSNH_2反应形成硫化物沉淀,在共沉淀过程中可去除干扰元素。在不同的pH条件下,松叶中各种被测元素的回收率不同。使用放射性核素示踪方法测量,当pH增大时,Ag、Cd和Cu的回收率随之增大,而Sb和As的回收率将减小,Hg的回收率变化不大。     

MnOx/a-Al2O3催化氧化燃煤烟气中Hg0的试验研究

在模拟烟气中研究了MnOx/a-Al2O3催化剂对烟气零价汞(Hg0)的催化氧化效果,以及反应条件对Hg0氧化率的影响.结果表明,300℃时催化剂的活性最大,模拟烟气含有20mL/m3 HCl时Hg0的氧化率达到91%.在8000~32000h-1空速范围内,Hg0氧化率保持在90%以上;空速提高到96000h-1时,氧化率开始下降,并与空速成反比.烟气中的SO2与HCl竞争催化剂上的活性位,对催化氧化反应有一定抑制,500mL/m3 SO2使零价汞的氧化率下降约20%.此外,还对MnOx催化氧化零价汞的反应机制进行了探讨.     

基于分形方法的合肥大兴地区土壤中污染元素Hg异常下限

土壤污染元素异常下限值的确定对环境地球化学评价具有重要意义,传统异常下限值计算方法仪适用于元素含量数据呈正态分布的情况且地球化学意义不明确,而事实上土壤元素含量的空间分布很可能具有分形分布特征,元素背景和异常有各自独立的幂指数关系.文章探讨利用分形方法确定合肥大兴地区土壤中Hg元素的异常下限值.基于分形的含量-面积方法确定的合肥大兴地区土壤中污染元素Hg的异常下限值为0.13 mg/kg.与传统方法(平均值加两倍标准离差)对比显示,分形方法圈定的异常区域是有效的、合理的.     

Dynamics of mercury fluxes and their controlling factors in large Hg-polluted floodplain areas

Environmental pollution by mercury (Hg) is a considerable environmental problem world-wide. Due to the occurrence of Hg volatilization from their soils, floodplains can function as an important source of volatile Hg. Soil temperature and soil water content related to flood dynamics are considered as important factors affecting seasonal dynamics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes. We quantified seasonal variations of TGM fluxes and conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment to assess the effect of temperature and moisture on TGM fluxes in heavily polluted floodplain soils. Observed TGM emissions ranged from 10 to 850 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and extremely exceeded the emissions of non-polluted sites. TGM emissions increased exponentially with raised air and soil temperatures in both field (R²: 0.49-0.70) and laboratory (R²: 0.99) experiments. Wet soil material showed higher TGM fluxes, whereas the role of soil water content was affected by sampling time during the microcosm experiments.     

Estimating mercury emissions from a zinc smelter in relation to China’s mercury control policies

Mercury concentrations of flue gas at inlet/outlet of the flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, reclaiming tower, acid plant, and mercury contents in zinc concentrate and by-products were measured in a hydrometallurgical zinc smelter. The removal efficiency of flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, mercury reclaiming and acid plant was about 17.4%, 30.3%, 87.9% and 97.4% respectively. Flue gas cleaning and electrostatic demister captured 11.7% and 25.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate, respectively. The mercury reclaiming tower captured 58.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate. About 4.2% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was captured by the acid plant. Consequently, only 0.8% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was emitted to the atmosphere. The atmospheric mercury emission factor was 0.5 g t⁻¹ of zinc produced for the tested smelter, indicating that this process offers the potential to effectively reduce mercury emissions from zinc smelting.     

流动注射-氢化物发生-双道原子荧光同时测定水处理剂中的汞和砷

研究了一种流动注射-氢化物发生-双道原子荧光同时测定水处理剂——聚合氯化铝中汞和砷的方法。汞和砷的检出限分别为0．007ug/L和0．07ug／L,平行样相对标准偏差小于5．1％,加标回收率在90．8％～106％之间。     

Ammonia volatilization loss from surface applied livestock manure

Ammonia (NH₃) emission from livestock manures used in agriculture reduces N uptake by crops and negatively impacts air quality. This laboratory study was conducted to evaluate NH₃emission from different livestock manures applied to two soils: Candler fins sand (CFS; light-textured soil, pH 6.8 and field capacity soil water content of 70 g kg^{? 1}) from Lake Alfred, Florida and Ogeechee loamy sand (OLS; medium-textured soil, pH 5.2 and field capacity soil water content of 140 g kg^{? 1}) from Savannah, Georgia. Poultry litter (PL) collected from a poultry farm near Douglas, Georgia, and fresh solid separate of swine manure (SM) collected from a farm near Clinton, North Carolina were used. Each of the soil was weighed in 100 g sub samples and amended with either PL or SM at rates equivalent to either 0, 2.24, 5.60, 11.20, or 22.40 Mg ha^{? 1} in 1L Mason jars and incubated in the laboratory at field capacity soil water content for 19 days to monitor NH₃ volatilization. Results indicated a greater NH₃ loss from soils amended with SM compared to that with PL. The cumulative NH₃volatilization loss over 19 days ranged from 4 to 27% and 14 to 32% of total N applied as PL and SM, respectively. Volatilization of NH₃ was greater from light-textured CFS than that from medium-textured OLS. Volatilization loss increased with increasing rates of manure application. Ammonia volatilization was lower at night time than that during the day time. Differences in major factors such as soil water content, temperature, soil type and live stock manure type influenced the diurnal variation in volatilization loss of NH₃ from soils. A significant portion (> 50%) of cumulative NH₃ emission over 19 d occurred during the first 5–7 d following the application of livestock manures. Results of this study demonstrate that application of low rates of livestock manure (≤ 5.60 Mg ha^{? 1}) is recommended to minimize NH₃ emissions.     

Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in different ecophysiological groups of earthworms in forest soils

Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd and Pb by eight ecophysiologically distinct earthworm species was studied in 27 polluted and uncontaminated forest soils. Lowest tissue concentrations of Hg and Cd occurred in epigeic Lumbricus rubellus and highest in endogeic Octolasion cyaneum. Soils dominated by Dendrodrilus rubidus possess a high potential of risk of Pb biomagnification for secondary predators. Bioconcentration factors (soil-earthworm) followed the sequence ranked Cd > Hg > Pb. Ordination plots of redundancy analysis were used to compare HM concentrations in earthworm tissues with soil, leaf litter and root concentrations and with soil pH and CEC. Different ecological categories of earthworms are exposed to Hg, Cd and Pb in the topsoil by atmospheric deposition and accumulate them in their bodies. Species differences in HM concentrations largely reflect differences in food selectivity and niche separation.     

Environmental mercury contamination of an artisanal zinc smelting area in Weining County, Guizhou, China

To investigate the extent of Hg contamination due to artisanal Zn smelting activities in Weining County, northwestern Guizhou, China, total Hg and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in soil and surface water were determined. Samples of corn plants growing in the study area were also collected for total Hg analysis. A high geometric mean Hg emission factor of 75gHgt(-1)Zn was estimated and significantly elevated total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were found in the atmosphere adjacent to the Zn smelting sites, ranging from 30 to 3814ngm(-3). Total Hg and MeHg concentrations in topsoil samples ranged from 62 to 355microgkg(-1) and from 0.20 to 1.1microgkg(-1), respectively. Total Hg Concentrations in corn plant tissues increased in the order of grains相似文献   

温度对汞抑制土壤脲酶动力学影响研究

以不同施肥方式、不同有机质含量的草甸棕壤和黑土4个土样为对象,研究了不同温度条件下,汞(Hg)对土壤脲酶动力学特征的影响.结果表明,同一类型、有机质含量高的土壤脲酶活性、酶促最大反应速度(V_max)和V_max/K_m均高于有机质含量低的土壤,表明有机质对脲酶的吸附能力较强;黑土V_max和V_max/K_m值总体上大于草甸棕壤,但酶活性和米氏常数(K_m)值在不同土壤类型之间规律性较差,反映出酶活性由总酶量和酶-底物亲和力等因素共同决定;黑土K_m值大小与有机质含量相一致,而草甸棕壤则相反,表明有机质含量和施肥方式均会对K_m值产生影响;在最适温度以下,随温度升高,土壤的脲酶活性、V_max和V_max/K_m值均增加;Hg对土壤脲酶表现出典型的反竞争性抑制现象;Hg对脲酶活性的抑制作用及对K_m、V_max和V_max/K_m的负效应均随温度升高而有增加的趋势,揭示出土壤对脲酶的保护能力随温度升高而有所下降.