遥感与GIS支持下的城市绿地信息提取方法研究--以深圳市为例

城市绿地作为城市结构中的自然生产力主体，在城市系统中起着重要作用。传统的城市绿地调查多采用人工普查并结合统计学方法进行城市绿地调查，需要投入大量的人力和资金，但得到的数据精度和现时性都较差，而采用高分辨率遥感卫星数据与地理信息系统相结合的方法，可以达到对城市绿地遥感数据的快速特征提取和准确的空间统计分析。文章采用基于遥感和GIS相结合的方法，并以深圳市为例，进行了城市绿地特征提取方法的研究和应用分析。     

Examination of model predictions at different horizontal grid resolutions

While fluctuations in meteorological and air quality variables occur on a continuum of spatial scales, the horizontal grid spacing of coupled meteorological and photochemical models sets a lower limit on the spatial scales that they can resolve. However, both computational costs and data requirements increase significantly with increasing grid resolution. Therefore, it is important to examine, for any given application, whether the expected benefit of increased grid resolution justifies the extra costs. In this study, we examine temperature and ozone observations and model predictions for three high ozone episodes that occurred over the northeastern United States during the summer of 1995. In the first set of simulations, the meteorological model RAMS4a was run with three two-way nested grids of 108/36/12 km grid spacing covering the United States and the photochemical model UAM-V was run with two grids of 36/12 km grid spacing covering the eastern United States. In the second set of simulations, RAMS4a was run with four two-way nested grids of 108/36/12/4 km grid spacing and UAM-V was run with three grids of 36/12/4 km grid spacing with the finest resolution covering the northeastern United States. Our analysis focuses on the comparison of model predictions for the finest grid domain of the simulations, namely, the region overlapping the 12 km and 4 km domains. A comparison of 12 km versus 4 km fields shows that the increased grid resolution leads to finer texture in the model predictions; however, comparisons of model predictions with observations do not reveal the expected improvement in the predictions. While high-resolution modeling has scientific merit and potential uses, the currently available monitoring networks, in conjunction with the scarceness of highly resolved spatial input data and the limitations of model formulation, do not allow confirmation of the expected superiority of the high-resolution model predictions.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive royalty-free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

High-energy milling to decontaminate soils polluted by polychlorobiphenyls and atrazine

Mechanical energy has been used so far for running chemical reactions and for preparing new materials in absence of solvents. Very recently, the technology has been applied to solve environmental problems. In this paper, we describe the application of high-energy milling (HEM) for the remediation of soils contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and agrochemicals like atrazine. NaBH₄ and LiAlH₄ have been successfully used for the total dehydrohalogenation of both classes of compounds, leaving a residue lower than 2 ppmw of the starting compound in the treated soil. LiAlH₄ was found to be more active than NaBH₄.     

高浓度氨氮废水的短程硝化研究

采用普通好氧活性污泥驯化培养启动亚硝化反应器，探索了在实验室条件下，亚硝化反应的最适宜条件。结果表明．在温度（T）为35℃，pH值为7．5左右，初始污泥浓度0．7g／L时，控制较高的初始进水氨氨浓度和较低的DO浓度，有利于亚硝化反应的启动：驯化后，反应器内氨氮处理效果良好，即使进水氨氮浓度高达2400mg／L时，氨氮去除率也能达到95％以上;在实验中，亚硝化的最适宜条件为，温度：29～35℃．pH值：7．0～8．0。同时．实验结果表明，在一定范围内，溶解氧浓度越高，亚硝化反应速率越快：C／N比过高会严重抑制亚硝化反应。     

知识经济与环境保护

阐述了知识经济的概念及其主要特征，分析了知识经济给环境保护带来的机遇，为迎接知识经济的挑战，上海制定出以发展高技术环保不业和培养高技术环保人才 中心的战略目标，为争２０１０年在达到申城环境保护第三阶段目标的同时，出现适应知识经济时代 环保新雏型。     

复合光合细菌法处理化工高浓度有机废水研究

通过复合光合菌群对有机废水的降解试验，结果表明，复合菌群具有比单一光合细菌或普通活性污泥好的处理效果，降解效果高出１８％－３９％，在复合菌群中，光合细菌的优势度明显。     

嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用

利用嗜热微生物处理高温排放废水是一项很有前任的废水处理技术，文章对嗜热微生物好氧处理废水及厌氧处理废水的发展进程和研究现状做了综述，例举了嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用，并论证了一定工艺条件下高温废水处理的可行性和优越性；最后对嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用前景作了展望。     

高效原油降解菌处理油田采出水

利用油田采用废水中原有微生物种群分离驯化出的高效原油降解菌，通过单一菌种高效原油降解菌降解性能实验，高效混合菌正交实验，最佳组合菌株的连续生物处理油田采出水实验，都取得了处理低浓度含油废水的良好效果。这表明在常规物理，化学法处理油田采出水的基础上，利用生物再空度处理是可行的。     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

废水厌氧处理研究前沿和趋势探讨

废水厌氧处理作为一种有竞争力的、经济的、日益成熟的生物处理工艺,是一种集环境保护、能源回收和生态良性循环于一体的技术,具有良好的社会、经济、环境效益,其研究和应用日益受到重视,工程化推广应用极其广泛。本文讨论了废水厌氧反应器的发展历程、厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮技术、两相生物反应器、高硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理技术,并对目前废水厌氧处理的热点问题及发展趋势进行了展望。