近地面臭氧污染过程和相关气象因子的分析

为了了解₃的污染过程,进行了包括全天24h₃浓度和气象参数的观测。分析了高浓度₃日的气象条件,表明高压天气形势、晴天少云、日照持续、气温升高、湿度低、温度垂直梯度和Ri数较高等是形成高浓度₃的有利条件。从₃浓度全天24h的观测结果发现,除12:00～14:00的主峰外,在0:00～4:00还有一个次峰。所有例子都表明₃浓度日变化和各气象因子有着很好的对应关系,值得注意的是,当风速和太阳辐射同步增减时,共同促使₃浓度增大,使₃在中午出现显著的峰值,当风速值出现在其他时间时,也可以使₃出现次峰。      

铝土矿改性方法的研究

以廉价的铝土矿为原料,辅以适当添加剂,经简单处理,在７００℃－８００℃的温度下灼烧３ｈ,即可制成能够去除水中高浓度ＳＯ＾２－４的高效净水剂。将该净水剂加到适量的高浓度ＳＯ＾２－４水中,处理３０ｍｉｎ,就能达到国家饮用水标准。     

高压静电应用在饮食业油烟净化上的设计

饮食业油烟排放时对大气产生较严重污染 ,本文介绍了高压静电在油烟净化上应用的原理和净化器的设计参数。     

A pyrazine based metal-organic framework for selective removal of copper from strongly acidic solutions

● pz-UiO-66 was synthesized facilely by a solvothermal method. ● Efficient capture of copper from highly acidic solution was achieved by pz-UiO-66. ● pz-UiO-66 exhibited excellent selectivity and capacity for copper capture. ● Pyrazine-N in pz-UiO-66 was shown to be the dominant adsorption site. The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, including adjustable structure, strong stability and porosity. Herein, pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions. Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity, with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g. As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis, the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66. This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions, and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.     

震害预测中建筑物属性信息提取方法研究

在编制城市抗震防灾规划工作中,如何得到规划区大量的建筑物的普查资料一直是一个重要的课题。就此,本文提出了一种基于RS技术通过首先旋转高分辨率遥感图像而后搜寻建筑物阴影区有效分割线段来实现大范围建筑物层数信息提取的新方法,并结合高分辨率遥感影像数据和实际建筑物层数信息对提取结果进行分析。结果表明计算模型正确,普适性较强,算法过程简单,所得结果精度满足城市震害预测基础信息的要求,有较大实用价值。     

高氟饮用水脱氟技术

综合了国内目前使用的高氟饮用水脱氟技术，重点介绍两种已用于设备制作的脱氟技术－－活性氧化铝和活化沸石。目的介绍了于高氟地区。对饮用水进行脱氟，对氟的地方病进行治理。     

企事业单位震害预测 人—机对话辅助决策系统QSDWZHYC—1

本文简要地介绍了QSDWZHYC—1智能辅助决策系统结构、功能以及所采用的技术途径。应用QSDWZHYC—1系统可预测企事业单位现有房屋的震害,评估经济损失和人员伤亡,优化抗震加固方案,识别高危害房屋类别,找出单位建(构)筑物地震危害的薄弱环节。为企事业单位抗震减灾对策进行辅助决策。     

Optimization of the O3/H2O2 process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor of gas field wastewater

• Real ML-GFW with high salinity and high organics was degraded by O₃/H₂O₂ process. • Successful optimization of operation conditions was attained using RSM based on CCD. • Single-factor experiments in advance ensured optimal experimental conditions. • The satisfactory removal efficiency of TOC was achieved in spite of high salinity. • The initial pH plays the most significant role in the degradation of ML-GFW. The present study reports the use of the O₃/H₂O₂ process in the pretreatment of the mother liquor of gas field wastewater (ML-GFW), obtained from the multi-effect distillation treatment of the gas field wastewater. The range of optimal operation conditions was obtained by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization procedure. A regression model with Total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency as the response value was established (R² = 0.9865). The three key factors were arranged according to their significance as: pH>H₂O₂ dosage>ozone flow rate. The model predicted that the best operation conditions could be obtained at a pH of 10.9, an ozone flow rate of 0.8 L/min, and H₂O₂ dosage of 6.2 mL. The dosing ratio of ozone was calculated to be 9.84 mg O₃/mg TOC. The maximum removal efficiency predicted was 75.9%, while the measured value was 72.3%. The relative deviation was found to be in an acceptable range. The ozone utilization and free radical quenching experiments showed that the addition of H₂O₂ promoted the decomposition of ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This also improved the ozone utilization efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that most of the organic matters in ML-GFW were degraded, while some residuals needed further treatment. This study provided the data and the necessary technical supports for further research on the treatment of ML-GFW.     

流域污染负荷水质响应的时空数值源解析方法研究

以目前广泛应用的环境流体动力学模型EFDC为平台,构建时空数值源解析方法,理论上可以得到任意时刻任意空间点位污染物的来源构成.其原理是考虑水质模型的微分方程,直接对每个污染负荷再微分,从而将原来1个微分方程变为关于每个污染源的微分方程组,然后联立以EFDC的水动力模型求解,得到每个源对每个时空点的贡献.概化的抚仙湖模型作为数值案例用以验证方法.时空数值源解析的结果与传统扰动方法的结果几乎重合,验证了时空数值源解析方法的正确性.另一方面,数值案例中存在34个独立的污染源,扰动法则需要35次模拟,而时空数值源解析方法的结果通过单次模拟就可得到,说明时空数值源解析方法具有明显的计算效率优势.而通过对结果的进一步分析可以发现,时空数值源解析方法可以提供更精确的源贡献的动态描述.