知识经济与环境保护

阐述了知识经济的概念及其主要特征，分析了知识经济给环境保护带来的机遇，为迎接知识经济的挑战，上海制定出以发展高技术环保不业和培养高技术环保人才 中心的战略目标，为争２０１０年在达到申城环境保护第三阶段目标的同时，出现适应知识经济时代 环保新雏型。     

复合光合细菌法处理化工高浓度有机废水研究

通过复合光合菌群对有机废水的降解试验，结果表明，复合菌群具有比单一光合细菌或普通活性污泥好的处理效果，降解效果高出１８％－３９％，在复合菌群中，光合细菌的优势度明显。     

嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用

利用嗜热微生物处理高温排放废水是一项很有前任的废水处理技术，文章对嗜热微生物好氧处理废水及厌氧处理废水的发展进程和研究现状做了综述，例举了嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用，并论证了一定工艺条件下高温废水处理的可行性和优越性；最后对嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用前景作了展望。     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

Toxic Effects of Crude Oil Combined with Oil Cleaner Simple Green on Yolk-sac Larvae and Adult Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (4 pp)

Background, Goal and Scope Cleaner CRYSTAL Simple Green (SG) was used for the cleanup of the oil spill in the Baltic Sea near Lithuania in 2001. No scientific data are available on the effects and consequences of its application for local aquatic life. The aim of this study was to determine and compare sublethal effects of a) solution SG; b) crude oil alone; c) SG in combination with oil on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at different stages of its development in laboratory conditions.Methods Laboratory studies were performed on adult rainbow trout (4-day duration) and on yolk-sac larvae (25-day duration) evaluating their biological parameters. Concentrations of water-soluble and thin-dispersed fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were measured using gas chromatography.Results and Discussion SG solution (0.5 mg/l) did not affect the survival of larvae and adult fish, and no significant changes were determined in respiratory parameters of the exposed larvae and adult fish. The most expressed alterations were found in morphological parameters (a decrease in the average body mass) of larvae and in haematological indices (a decrease in the leukocyte count) of adult fish at the end of the tests. Crude oil (1610 mg/l) did not affect the survival of adult fish during the 4-day exposure. An increase in larvae mortality rate (~ 36%) was recorded at the end of the tests. A significant decrease in the average body mass and heart rate of larvae as well as in gill ventilation frequency of larvae and adult fish were determined. SG combined with oil induced an increase in larval mortality  46% of individuals died at the end of the tests. No mortality was recorded in adult fish. The average body mass and heart rate of larvae were significantly decreased. Marked changes were also found in respiratory parameters (gill ventilation frequency of larvae and adult fish significantly decreased, while “coughing” rate increased). A 1-day, 2-day exposure of fish to SG combined with oil induced a significant decrease in the leukocyte count of adult fish, which was also determined at the end of the tests. The augmentation of adverse impact could be explained by the data obtained from our studies. When SG was added into dilution water with crude oil the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the mixture increased 3 ~ 4.5 times after 24 h and 96 h, respectively. Conclusions The comparative study of the effects of crude oil alone, SG and SG combined with oil showed that their toxic effects on fish differed. Oil combined with SG was found to be more toxic to fish (larvae and adults) than SG alone and oil alone. Fish at early stages of development (yolk-sac larvae) were more sensitive to the effects of the compounds studied than adults.Recommendations and Outlook To diminish the negative impact of oil spill cleanup using chemicals on aquatic ecosystems, it is recommended to carry out more comprehensive studies of their effects and after-effects in laboratory conditions using a wide scale of local aquatic organisms. The selected species of the most sensitive aquatic organisms should include those which are unable to escape the impact of combined action of oil and cleaners. Special attention should be directed to the research of effects of these pollutants on studied organisms at their most sensitive stages of life (reproduction, hatching, early stages of development), as after-effects of exposure to pollutants may be observed in future generations.     

高效烃类降解菌在稠油污水生化处理中的应用

从稠油污水中筛选出四株高效烃类降解菌株,经初步鉴定HD-1、HD-2、HD-4为假单胞菌属,HD-3为芽孢杆菌属。研究了菌株对高温高盐环境的耐受性,采用正交试验法确定了最佳降解效果时各菌的投加量。同时采用生物接触氧化工艺进行了室内模拟实验,探索了高温环境下所筛选菌株对稠油污水的处理效果,重点研究菌株对含油量和COD的去除能力。通过逐渐缩短停留时间,最终将停留时间缩短为8h,发现这种条件下,出水的含油量<1mg/L,达到了高压注汽锅炉用水的标准,对COD的去除率达到70%,去除效果也非常显著。     

废水厌氧处理研究前沿和趋势探讨

废水厌氧处理作为一种有竞争力的、经济的、日益成熟的生物处理工艺,是一种集环境保护、能源回收和生态良性循环于一体的技术,具有良好的社会、经济、环境效益,其研究和应用日益受到重视,工程化推广应用极其广泛。本文讨论了废水厌氧反应器的发展历程、厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮技术、两相生物反应器、高硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理技术,并对目前废水厌氧处理的热点问题及发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于厌氧氨氧化和中温亚硝化的可持续生物脱氮工艺

通过介绍厌氧氨氧化技术（ANAMMOX）和亚硝化技术（SHARON）在污水脱氯处理中的原理,着重从工艺特性分析以及控制因数方面介绍SHARON—ANAMMOX联合工艺,并通过与传统工艺的比较,指出SHARON—ANAMMOX联合工艺是可持续性处理工艺。     

冲激式湿式除尘器在燃用高挥发份煤锅炉除尘的应用

本文总结了各种类型除尘器在使用当地含挥发份较高的长焰煤种过程中的除尘效率,及其性能特点,详细阐述了冲击式湿式除尘器在燃用高挥发份煤锅炉除尘中的应用效果。     

海洋水体原油污染存在形态及处置技术研究

详细描述了原油在海洋中存在的形态及对溢油事故的处置技术和方法,并结合原油的特性、气象水文条件等叙述了如何选择溢油处置方法。