毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水质五氯酚

用乙酸酐衍生,正己烷液一液萃取,毛细管柱气相色谱-电子捕获检测器对地表水、废水中五氯酚进行了测定,确定五氯酚浓度范围在5．0—500μg/L之间时,样品的测定精度、回收率及方法检出限均能满足要求。     

植物体超氧阴离子自由基不同检测方法的比较

应用顺磁共振波谱仪(EPR)自旋捕获法、羟胺氧化法、二氢乙锭(DHE)荧光探针和硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)原位显色法,分别检测了暴露于梯度镉(Cd)溶液2 d后的水稻幼苗根叶组织超氧阴离子自由基(O.-2)的变化水平.结果表明,0—60 mg.L-1Cd诱导了O2.-随着Cd剂量的增加而升高,高于此剂量范围则呈现下降趋势.4种方法的检测结果基本一致,但前两种方法更适用于定量O2.-的生成水平,而后两种显色方法仅能反映O2.-的变化趋势,难以精确定量.因此,可以选择性地应用4种方法揭示暴露于污染物的植物组织O2.-的响应水平.     

投加颗粒活性炭和二氧化锰对剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响

厌氧系统添加碳和金属纳米材料是强化厌氧消化的有效策略.为考察投加GAC和MnO₂对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程的影响,设置了空白组(R0)、GAC组(R1)、MnO₂组(R2)以及GAC/MnO₂组(R3)4组间歇实验,研究GAC和MnO₂的投加对剩余污泥厌氧消化效率、微生物活性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,反应器运行28 d后,与R0相比,R1和R3的产CH₄速率分别提高了68.18%和51.35%,R2的产CH₄量降低了21.25%.GAC和MnO₂的单独或者混合投加,对厌氧发酵过程均有促进作用.Mn²⁺与剩余污泥释放的磷酸盐生成磷酸盐沉淀对厌氧代谢通道的阻塞作用,造成R2产CH₄效率变低.GAC优良导电性、吸附能力和MnO₂/Mn²⁺的催化作用是R3产CH₄效率增强的主要原因.正常代谢条件下,投加GAC、MnO_2<...     

Injection Molded Biocomposites from Soy Protein Based Bioplastic and Short Industrial Hemp Fiber

Biocomposites from soy based bioplastic and chopped industrial hemp fiber were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion and injection molding process. Soy based bioplastics were prepared through cooking with plasticizer and blending with biodegradable poly(ester amide). Mechanical, thermal properties and fracture surface morphology of the “green”/biocomposites were evaluated with universal testing system (UTS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). It was found that the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength and heat deflection temperature of industrial hemp fiber reinforced biocomposites significantly improved. The fracture surfaces showed no signs of matrix on the fiber surface suggesting poor interfacial adhesion.     

水性聚氨酯(WPU)包埋活性污泥的亚硝化反应

以水性聚氨酯(WPU)为载体利用活性污泥制作成包埋固定化颗粒,置于序批式反应器(SBR)中在22.5~25.5 ℃、DO=2.0 mg·L-1条件下,逐步提高进水氨氮浓度(100~200 mg·L-1)驯化13 d后包埋颗粒亚硝化率(NAR)成功实现至90.98%。运行30 d后 NAR保持在95%以上,小试分析表明NOB活性受抑制,亚硝化处于稳定状态。然后调节曝气量,研究不同DO对亚硝化稳定性的影响。提高DO至4.5 mg·L-1,NAR仍保持在83.99%,说明活性污泥经包埋固定后对DO有较好的耐受性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对反应器内包埋颗粒进行了微观分析。结果表明,包埋颗粒内接种污泥中细菌形态多样,含长杆、短杆及球状菌,随着运行的延续,细菌形态呈现了向短杆状球状转变的态势。     

新疆环境保护网站建设的现状与发展探讨

1997年建成的＂新疆环境保护＂网站是全国第一家环保门户网站,也是新疆第一家政府类网站,新疆环保网站建设与发展已经历风雨兼程的10a,现在正进入一个崭新的发展阶段.回顾、总结和展望新疆各级环保网站的发展,吸取发展中的经验与教训,探索新疆各级环保网站建设中的规律,对新疆环保电子政务的＂理性建设、快速推进＂大有裨益.     

Photosensitized Oxidation of Cyanide in Aqueous Solutions of Photoactive Modified Hydroxyethylcellulose

Novel water-soluble polymeric photosensitizers based on a natural polymer, naphthalene-modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HENC), were obtained and used for the photooxidation of cyanide. The reaction leads to the formation of cyanate. The process occurs via photoinduced electron transfer from CN⁻ to the naphthalene or naphthoquinone polymeric chromophores. The kinetics of the reaction depend on the degree of substitution of HENC, its concentration, and pH of the solution. The polymers can be easily removed after reaction as prolonged irradiation leads to their photodegradation.     

P450酶系对污染物的生物指示和催化降解机制

细胞色素P450酶系是广泛存在于不同生物体内的含有多种超家族CYP450血红素蛋白或相同结构域的一系列酶,是多组分电子传递链的终端氧化还原酶。最新研究发现,利用P450在生物体内的含量/活性与污染物浓度的定量响应关系可实现环境污染的早期预警和诊断,对环境污染的监测和预报具有重要意义。更重要的是,P450酶系被认为是生物对内源或外生污染物代谢途径的启动催化因子。P450的脱卤化、羧基化、脱烷基化、环氧化等催化作用在诱导污染物的分解代谢过程中起核心作用。本文综述了P450酶系的结构、催化过程和诱导抑制机理,分析了其在环境污染物的生物指示和催化降解中的应用进展,以便为利用P450进行环境预警和生物修复提供系统的理论和技术支持。     

一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌比例测定研究

反硝化聚磷菌可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体完成吸磷过程,确定反硝化聚磷菌比例对于强化反硝化除磷作用具有重要意义。从一体化活性污泥工艺中取污泥混合液,加入蔗糖合200mg/LCOD后进行厌氧搅拌,2h后将厌氧污泥分成三等份,其中两份分别加入10mg/LNO3--N、10mg/LNO2--N后缺氧搅拌2h,另一份用充氧仪曝气2h。根据厌氧、缺氧/好氧交替过程中不同电子受体下的除磷量,可以简便的确定反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例,结果表明该一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例达到98.92%。     

Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing non-degradable organic compounds

• Submerged arc plasma was introduced in terms of wastewater treatment. • Ozone oxidation was coupled with submerged arc plasma system. • Ozone was converted into O and O₂ by submerged arc plasma. • Decomposition rate was accelerated by submerged arc plasma. • Introduction of ozone led to significant increase in mineralization. Submerged arc plasma technology was assessed for the removal of phenols from wastewater. The OH radicals generated from the boundary between the plasma and waste solution were considered as a significant factor on the degradation reaction. In this study, the effects of highly energetic electrons released from the submerged arc plasma were mainly studied. The highly energetic electrons directly broke the strong chemical bond and locally increased the reaction temperatures in solution. The effects of the submerged-arc plasma on the decomposition of phenol are discussed in terms of the input energy and initial concentration. The single use of submerged arc plasma easily decomposed the phenol but did not increase the mineralization efficiency. Therefore, the submerged arc plasma, coupled with the ozone injection, was investigated. The submerged arc plasma combined with ozone injection had a synergic effect, which led to significant improvements in mineralization with only a small increase in input energy. The decomposition mechanism of phenol by the submerged arc plasma with the ozone was analyzed.