Antioxidant effect of L-cysteine on sodium-valproate-induced oxidative stress in rat liver: biochemical and ultrastructural approaches

L-Cysteine has protective efficacy in cases of oxidative tissue injury. Sodium valproate is widely used as an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant in spite of hepatotoxicity as side effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of L-cysteine in liver toxicity induced by sodium valproate overdose. Release of the hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and levels of lipid profiles, as well as the oxidative, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidant were assessed. Liver damage was judged histologically. L-Cysteine decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as improved the level of lipid profile, increased the enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. L-Cysteine administration inhibited liver injury of sodium valproate.     

蒽醌类有机质对针铁矿异化还原解离特征影响

基于希瓦氏金属还原菌(Shewanella decolorationis S12)和针铁矿相互作用,讨论了蒽醌类有机质(AQS)对该针铁矿异化还原过程的调控机制.结果表明:AQS作为电子运移载体,使得还原解离态铁总量(Fetot)和可溶态铁含量(Fedis)均快速增加;不同含量的AQS加入前后,针铁矿还原平均速率得到显著上升,速率比在2.4~4.0之间,且该比值和AQS含量呈显著的线性关系,可决系数为0.9947.Fedis/Fetot比值随AQS含量升高而降低,当AQS含量由0.05 mmol·L-1增加至0.3 mmol·L-1时,Fedis/Fetot比值由0.935减小至0.705.Feads含量随AQS含量增加而增加,当体系中无AQS时,Feads含量维持在较低的水平(0.05 mmol·L-1).AQS参与下的铁异化还原过程实际上是由两个独立的子过程组成,即微生物呼吸作用驱动了AQS和还原态蒽二酚(AH2QS)的循环转变过程以及AH2QS进一步还原解离针铁矿的非生物过程.     

Mitochondrial electron transport chain is involved in microcystin-RR induced tobacco BY-2 cells apoptosis

Microcystin-RR （MC-RR） has been suggested to induce apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential . TO further elucidate the mechanisms involved in MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain （ETC） as a potential source for reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Tobacco BY-2 cells after exposure to MC-RR （60 mg/L） displayed apoptotic changes in association with an increased production of ROS and loss of Am. All of these adverse effects were significantly attenuated by ETC inhibitors including Rotenone （2 μmol/L, complex I inhibitor） and antimycin A （0.01 μmol/L, complex III inhibitor）, but not by thenoyltrifluoroacetone （S μmol/L, complex Ⅱinhibitor）. These results suggest that rnitochondrial ETC plays a key role in mediating MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through an increased mitochondrial production of ROS.     

新疆环境保护网站建设的现状与发展探讨

1997年建成的＂新疆环境保护＂网站是全国第一家环保门户网站,也是新疆第一家政府类网站,新疆环保网站建设与发展已经历风雨兼程的10a,现在正进入一个崭新的发展阶段.回顾、总结和展望新疆各级环保网站的发展,吸取发展中的经验与教训,探索新疆各级环保网站建设中的规律,对新疆环保电子政务的＂理性建设、快速推进＂大有裨益.     

电子束半干法烟气净化技术

电子束烟气净化技术由于能够同时脱除烟气中的SO2 和NOx 而得到世界各国环保界的重视。传统的电子束烟气净化技术在工业应用中存在能耗高、副产品黏结严重、工作可靠性低等问题。新型电子束半干法烟气净化技术解决了传统工艺在工业化应用中存在的问题 ,可以在较小的辐照剂量下获得更为理想的烟气净化效果 ,提高了系统的工作可靠性 ,是一项工业应用前景十分广阔的环保技术。     

水中典型光敏剂引发金雀异黄酮三线态敏化光降解机理

金雀异黄酮(genistein,Gs)在水体中频繁检出,其环境行为备受关注。为深入探讨水中溶解性有机质(DOM)激发三线态敏化Gs间接光降解的机理,以3-甲氧基苯乙酮(3-MAP)、亚甲基蓝(MB)、2-萘乙酮(2-AN)和2-苯甲酮(BP)模拟DOM引发三线态光敏化反应,阐明Gs发生间接光降解活性与敏化剂性质、pH值的关系。通过光化学实验结合密度泛函理论计算发现,激发态能量高的BP或3-MAP对Gs的敏化效率低,二者虽可与Gs发生能量或电子转移敏化,但对λ290 nm的模拟太阳光吸收少,因此激发态产率低;激发态能量低的MB或2-AN对Gs的敏化效率高,且随pH升高而增强,因二者能吸收较多的模拟太阳光,激发态产率高。以MB为例,发现Gs分子形态几乎不能被光敏化降解(pH≤5); Gs由一价阴离子逐渐解离成二、三价阴离子,kin增大102倍(pH 6～12),说明Gs不同解离形态的敏化光降解活性具有显著差异。因Gs阴离子更易发生敏化光降解,因此带正电荷的MB分子比中性分子态的2-AN更易与Gs阴离子结合,表现出更高的敏化能力,相同pH (9或12)条件下,敏化光降解速率相差25～47倍。敏化剂三线态性质及pH值对Gs光敏化降解的影响机理,对于深入认识化学组成复杂的环境DOM的光化学活性具有重要意义。     

军用电子产品环境试验顺序问题浅议

本文从一个具体的试验案例缘起,有针对性的分析、讨论了某军用电子产品质量问题的出现、与实际解决办法,更重要的是本文不仅是为了解决某一产品问题,而是从质量问题的出现,进而思考到环境试验顺序对产品潜在故障的影响,起码从宏观上说明了环境试验顺序对电子产品潜在故障的析出是有影响的.     

电极材料对脉冲等离子体降解有机废气的影响分析

用脉冲等离子体降解有机废气,对甲苯、二甲苯的降解率达73％～91％,对二氯甲烷的降解率达82％。在实验中发现电极材料的不同会影响分解效果,其中钨电极的降解率最高。本文运用等离子体化学中放电气体电子碰撞电离和化学自由基产生的机理以及阴极电子学中带电粒子轰击电极表面激发二次电子发射的理论,通过比较不同金属电极的二次电子发射系数δ,研究电极材料对脉冲等离子体降解有机废气影响的机理,发现主要是由于不同电极材料δ值的差异引起降解率的差异,电极稳定性对降解率和电极寿命也有重要影响。在实验的三种电极材料中钨的δ值最大,其最大二次电子发射系数δ_m为1.4,铜其次为1.29,不锈钢最小约为1.24,这成为导致三者降解率差异的主要原因。     

Effects of cadmium on the activities of photosystems of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the protective role of cyclic electron flow

Cadmium (Cd) shows high toxicity to aquatic microalgae. Many studies showed that Cd inhibited activities of photosystem II (PSII) but the effects of heavy metals on photosystem I (PSI) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) were still controversial and unclear. The effects of CdCl₂ on the activities of PSI, PSII and CEF in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was measured simultaneously in the present study. In presence of 200 μM of Cd, ultrastructure of some cells was strongly modified. Cd exposure led to decrease of the activities of photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiration. PSII was more sensitive to Cd treatment than PSI. Cd treatment showed significant inhibition on the photochemical quantum yield and electron transport rate of PSII. Cd increased the quantum yield of non-light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, indicating the damage of PSII. The activity of PSI showed tolerance to Cd treatment with concentration less than 100 μM in the experiment. Linear electron flow (LEF) made significant contribution to the photochemical quantum yield of PSI of the untreated cells, but decreased with increasing Cd concentration. The contribution of CEF to the yield of PSI increased with increasing Cd concentration. The activation of CEF after exposure to Cd played an essential role for the protection of PSI.