次灵敏线测定电镀污泥中高含量镍

对采用次灵敏线测定电镀污泥中高含量的镍进行了探讨。试验表明,在镍含量0．00～100．Omg／L时,镍含量与溶液吸光度呈线性关系。线性回归方程为Y=0．00436x＋0．006,相关系数y=0．9997。方法精密度RSD〈2．86％,加标回收率为93．7％～106％。同时校准曲线常温下放置,至少可稳定1a。     

硅铝比和NiO对ZSM-5协同低温等离子体降解甲苯的影响

研究了不同硅铝比的ZSM-5与Ni/ZSM-5分子筛协同低温等离子体技术对甲苯降解性能的影响.以Ni O(Nickel Oxide)为活性组分,采用浸渍法对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性,利用氮气吸附脱附(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、Toluene程序升温脱附(Toluene-TPD)等技术表征样品的物理化学性质.考察了硅铝比对ZSM-5与Ni/ZSM-5分子筛体系中甲苯的吸附性能,研究了不同放电电压下硅铝比对甲苯降解率、碳平衡及二氧化碳选择性的影响,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了催化剂表面的有机产物.结果表明:硅铝比不但影响分子筛本身的物理化学特性(比表面积、氧化还原性能、表面酸性、疏水性等),还会影响Ni的负载形态和方式,更高的硅铝比与Ni O的负载能促进甲苯深度氧化,减少副产物,提高碳平衡和二氧化碳选择性.     

镍的环境生物地球化学与毒性效应研究进展

目前镍的毒性评价大多基于单一指标和室内控制实验研究,如何综合考虑镍在水环境中的形态及天然复合水化学条件的影响,进而准确预测水体中镍的生物毒性是水质基准及生态风险评估领域的难题.本研究结合国内外最新研究进展,对镍的来源、形态、生物有效性、毒性机理、水质基准和标准及污水处理工艺等进行归纳总结.重点围绕镍的环境行为和毒性效应展开,剖析了水化学因子对镍生物有效性的影响,概述了镍对不同营养级水生生物的毒性表现,总结出镍对淡水水生生物的六大毒性作用机理,展望镍的生物有效性对毒性效应的影响趋势,对我国镍的淡水水生生物水质基准的制定具有重要意义.     

红土镍矿基材料吸附及有氧降解水体污染物

以红土镍矿为研究对象,考察了原矿（HT）及改性矿（HT-FeNi）去除水体中罗丹明B （RhB）的效果.借助XRD、BET、IR等表征手段,结合吸附动力学和等温吸附模拟研究了HT吸附RhB的过程及机制.结果表明：HT的孔隙结构较为丰富,有良好的RhB吸附性能.当HT添加量为0.2g/L时,RhB去除率为39.03%,吸附量达到93.80mg/g.HT添加量增加,RhB去除效果增强,平衡吸附量减小.HT吸附RhB的过程更符合准二级动力学,包含表面扩散及颗粒内扩散两个步骤.等温吸附模型拟合发现Freundlich能够准确描述HT吸附RhB的过程.1/n<0.5,表明吸附过程较易进行.HT经5次循环实验后,吸附量仍能达到39.67mg/g,表明HT有较好的循环使用性能.HT吸附RhB主要归因于Si-O吸附位点.通过气基还原制备得到改性矿（HT-FeNi）.采用SEM、XRD、BET、XPS等手段对HT-FeNi进行表征分析,并考察了HT-FeNi降解RhB的效果.结果表明：HT-FeNi比表面积小（14.374m²/g）,主要成分为铁镍双金属.HT-FeNi不能通过吸附作用去除RhB,而HT-FeNi/Air/pH=3体系在40min内RhB降解效率为94%.捕获活性氧物种的实验证明,HT-FeNi/Air/pH=3体系去除RhB过程中起主要作用的活性氧物种是羟基自由基（·OH）.在酸性条件下,HT-FeNi通过活化O₂生成·OH,Ni⁰诱导的Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺循环促使HT-FeNi/Air/pH=3体系生成更多的·OH.将HT-FeNi/Air/pH=3体系应用于去除水体中甲基橙（MO）和二硝基氯苯（DNCB）,去除效率分别为47%、78%.     

羰基镍急性染毒致大鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤的剂量时间效应

通过急性动物实验观察不同剂量羰基镍(Ni(CO)4)染毒对大鼠淋巴细胞DNA的损伤程度。采用静态方式对SD大鼠染毒30 min,以羰基镍20 mg·m~(-3)、135 mg·m~(-3)和250 mg·m~(-3)为低、中和高剂量染毒组,250 mg·m~(-3)氯气染毒组为阳性对照组,未染毒组为正常对照组。大鼠染毒后1 d、2 d、3 d和7 d分别收集样本。采用单细胞凝胶电泳测量淋巴细胞DNA的损伤程度。通过对所得彗星图像的尾长和Olive尾距(OTM)指标结果分析发现,大鼠淋巴细胞损伤程度随着羰基镍染毒剂量的增加而增加,4个时间点各剂量组间均有显著差异(P0.05),4个剂量组各时间点均有显著差异(P0.05),且随时间变化有一定的变化规律,损伤程度在3 d时达最大,而后缓慢下降;在高剂量组染毒和染毒后3 d,损伤程度达到最大。急性羰基镍染毒可致淋巴细胞DNA显著损伤,且存在明显的剂量、时间和交互效应。     

Synthesis,structural characterization and antimicrobial activity of nickel(II) tetrathiocyanato dicuperate(I) complexes with some acyl hydrazones

Heterobimetallic complexes of the type Ni[Cu(SCN)₂]₂ · L (where L = acetophenone benzoylhydrazone, acetophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone, acetophenone salicyloylhydrazone (ash), acetophenone anthraniloylhydrazone, p-hydroxy acetophenone benzoylhydrazone, p-hydroxy acetophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone p-hydroxy acetophenone salicyloylhydrazone (phash), p-hydroxy acetophenone anthraniloyl hydrazone), were synthesized and characterized. The complexes are polymeric, insoluble in common organic solvents and are nonelectrolytes. Magnetic moments and electronic spectral studies suggest a spin-free octahedral geometry for the complexes. IR spectra show the bidentate nature of all the ligands bonding through >C=O and >C=N–groups. The SCN group acts as a bridge between two metal centers. X-ray powder diffraction parameters for Ni[Cu(SCN)₂]₂ · ash and Ni[Cu(SCN)₂]₂ · phash correspond to orthorhombic and tetrahedral crystal lattices, respectively, for these complexes. The complexes show a significant antifungal activity against Rizoctonia, Stemphylium and Aspergillus sp. and antibacterial activity against Clostridium and Pseudomonas sp. The metal complexes are more active than the ligands.     

Effects of daily nickel intake on the bio-accumulation,body weight and length in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Nickel pollution is a serious environmental problem, and its effects may provoke alterations in the ecosystem and in organism of animals and humans. Dermatitis, eczema, and asthma are some illnesses caused by Ni²⁺ poisoning. In this work, fish fed either Ni²⁺-enriched pellets or commercial pellets were studied. The amount of Ni²⁺ in fish were measurements by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) with dimethylglyoxime as a complexing agent. The analysis of Ni²⁺ in fish by AdSV established that its accumulation occurs principally in viscera (670.86 ± 5.82 µg g^?1), in the head (697.12 ± 2.77 µg g^?1) and in the muscle (405.82 ± 3.26 µg g^?1), both after 12 months of experiments. Ni²⁺ adsorbs preferentially in organs such as the stomach, the intestine, and the kidneys and acts in the central nervous system as well. Tilapia growth and mass were significantly affected by Ni²⁺ poisoning. From statistical analysis, observed that the results for lengths, weights and metal concentration were different for each sampling at significance level of p < 0.05. The Ni²⁺ concentration in tilapia was enough to cause the death of tilapias; however, it did not occur because the presence of Zn²⁺ might act as protective agent of heavy metals.     

二次双波长分光光度法同时测定水样中Cd、Ni的研究

研究采用二次双波长分光光度法(即双峰双波长法和系数补偿法)同时测定水样中的Cd和Ni。实验结果表明,以5-Br—PADAP为显色剂,Cd和Ni的最大吸收峰分别为544．8nm和559．2nm,最小吸收峰均为430nm;Cd、Ni的线性范围为0．04—0．64mg/L。本方法的灵敏度同单波长法相比有明显的提高,应用于合成水样和电镀废水样中Cd、Ni的测定,均取得满意的结果。     

铜镍电镀退镀废液资源化处理工艺

针对硝酸型铜镍退镀废液,确定了蒸馏法回收硝酸、溶剂萃取法分离提取铜、沉淀分离法回收镍的工艺路线.探讨了采用P507煤油体系萃取分离硝酸介质中的铜和镍及用硫酸反萃铜的条件及影响规律,确定了最佳工艺参数.结果表明,硝酸回收率可达97.8%;当最佳萃取工艺条件为:料液浓度Cu 15～20mg/mL,Ni 5～10 mg/mL,料液pH为1～2,萃取剂体积分数35%,皂化度60%,相比为1∶1,振荡时间2min,温度20℃～25℃,铜的一级萃取率达90%以上,铜镍分离系数为75,经过三级逆流萃取废液中的铜镍已达到完全分离;以NaOH作沉淀剂,溶液的pH为10～11,镍的回收率可达99.9%.经上述处理后,使排放液达到国家工业废水排放标准要求.     

含钴镍废水的萃取处理研究

采用Ｎ２３５作萃取剂，在合适的酸度和氯离子浓度条件下，对含钴镍废水进行溶剂萃取处理，重点研究了酸度、氯离子浓度、萃取级数及反萃条件对钴镍分离效率的影响，试验结果表明，可以有效地回收利用废水中的钴和镍。