废高磁合金钢中钴、镍的分离和利用

用硫酸、盐酸和硝酸溶解废高磁合金钢、并将Fe^2 氧化为Fe^3 。先用黄铁矾法除去大部分铁,用尿素除去少量的铁及铝、钛、铜;最后在NH3－NH4Cl体系中分离钴、镍,并制成相应的盐。钴、镍的回收率分别国81．5％、89．7％。     

浅析某厂化学镀镍线的主要污染物及处理措施

某厂化学镀镍线产生的主要污染物为大气污染、水污染和固体废物污染。其中大气污染物主要为硫酸雾。水污染物为总镍、总铜、化学需氧量、悬浮物、总磷、氨氮等。固废废弃物均为危险废物,包括废包装材料、酸性废液、含镍废液。该文分析了化学镀镍线产生的废气、废水和固体废物的主要来源,并提出了防止污染的对策。     

Electro-oxidation of Ni (II)-citrate complexes at BDD electrode and simultaneous recovery of metallic nickel by electrodeposition

The simultaneous electro-oxidation of Ni (II)-citrate and electrodeposition recovery of nickel metal were attempted in a combined electro-oxidation-electrodeposition reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a polished titanium cathode. Effects of initial nickel citrate concentration, current density, initial pH, electrode spacing, electrolyte type, and initial electrolyte dosage on electrochemical performance were examined. The efficiencies of Ni (II)-citrate removal and nickel metal recovery were determined to be 100% and over 72%, respectively, under the optimized conditions (10 mA/cm², pH 4.09, 80 mmol/L Na₂SO₄, initial Ni (II)-citrate concentration of 75 mg/L, electrode spacing of 1 cm, and 180 min of electrolysis). Energy consumption increased with increased current density, and the energy consumption was 0.032 kWh/L at a current density of 10 mA/cm² (pH 6.58). The deposits at the cathode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These characterization results indicated that the purity of metallic nickel in cathodic deposition was over 95%. The electrochemical system exhibited a prospective approach to oxidize metal complexes and recover metallic nickel.     

Application of ferrate（VI） in the treatment of industrial wastes containing metal-complexed cyanides ： A green treatment

Ferrate(VI) was employed for the oxidation of cyanide (CN) and simultaneous removal of copper or nickel in the mixed/complexed systems of CN-Cu, CN-Ni, or CN-Cu-Ni. The degradation of CN (1.00 mmol/L) and removal of Cu (0.095 mmol/L) were investigated as a function of Fe(VI) doses from 0.3–2.00 mmol/L at pH 10.0. It was found that Fe(VI) could readily oxidize CN and the reduction of Fe(VI) into Fe(III) might serve e ciently for the removal of free copper ions. The increase in Fe(VI) dose apparently favoured the CN oxidation as well as Cu removal. Moreover, the pH dependence study (pH 10.0–13.0) revealed that the oxidation of CN was almost una ected in the studied pH range (10.0–13.0), however, the maximum removal e ciency of Cu was obtained at pH 13.0. Similarly, treatment was carried out for CN-Ni system having the initial Ni concentration of 0.170 mmol/L and CN concentration of 1.00 mmol with Fe(VI) dose 2.00 mmol at various pH values (10.0–12.0). Results showed a partial oxidation of CN and partial removal of Ni. It can be observed that Fe(VI) can partially degrade the CN-Ni complex in this pH range. Further, Fe(VI) was applied for the treatment of simulated industrial waste/e uent waters treatment containing CN, Cu, and Ni.     

不同淋洗剂对镍污染砂土的柱淋洗研究

比较了去离子水、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、盐酸和柠檬酸对模拟污染砂土中镍（Ⅱ）的柱淋洗作用。SDS浓度为500、1000、1750、2500和3250mg／L,盐酸溶液pH值为0．8、1、2和3,柠檬酸溶液浓度为0．01、0．04、0．1和0．4mol／L。结果表明,几种淋洗剂对土柱中镍的淋洗曲线规律相似,即在淋洗液孔隙体积数为0．5时开始有镍淋出,随着累计孔体积数目的增大,淋洗液中镍的浓度逐渐开始增大,迭到峰值时又开始减小。在去离子水淋洗过程中,镍最大淋出浓度为90．8mg/L;五种不同浓度SDS淋洗过程中,镍最大淋出浓度分别为92．4、90．2、94．1、51．0和53．7mg／L;四种不同pH值的盐酸溶液对应的镍最大淋出浓度分别为959．5、753．3、56．3和23．9mg／L;四种不同浓度的柠檬酸对应的镍最大淋出浓度分别为318．6、793．4、930．1和1464．4mg／L。pH=1的盐酸溶液对镍的淋洗去除率最高为87．3％,其次是浓度为0．1mol／L的柠檬酸溶液,去除率为83．2％;SDS的淋洗效率低,与去离子水相当。0．1mol／L的柠檬酸溶液可为污染土壤重金属镍淋洗用试剂。     

镍钴转运酶NiCoT基因的克隆表达及基因工程菌对镍离子的富集

利用PCR技术从Staphylococcus aureus/ ATCC6538基因组中扩增出大小为1?053 bp的镍钴转运酶基因NiCoT gene,将其连接到pET-3c载体上构建重组质粒,并转化至E.coli BL21.筛选阳性菌并经酶切分析和PCR扩增双重鉴定.核苷酸序列测定及分析结果与GenBank中报道的同类基因相似性高达97%以上,表明其具有正确的NiCoT基因核苷酸序列.重组菌的SDS-PAGE结果图谱中,在相对分子量为39?000附近有特异性蛋白条带,大小符合预测值,表明NiCoT基因在E.coli BL21中成功表达.基因工程菌在IPTG用量为1.00 mmol·L^-1,诱导时间为4 h的条件下培养对镍离子的富集能力最高.在不同镍离子浓度时,基因工程菌对溶液中Ni²⁺的平衡富集量为11.33 mg·g^-1,与原始宿主菌相比提高了3倍.对基因工程菌吸附镍和钴的实验表明,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538的NiCoT对镍具有较高的特异性和富集容量,属于第Ⅲ类镍钴转运酶.     

Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Tpp-MWCNTs) were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs, respectively. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R² close to 1 for all adsorbents. On the other hand, the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo second-order model. The speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and Tpp-MWCNTs. The adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.     

Poly[β-(1→4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose] based zero valent nickel nanocomposite for efficient reduction of nitrate in water

Chemical reduction of nitrate using metal nanoparticles has received increasing interest due to over-dependence on groundwater and consequence health hazard of the nitrate ion. One major drawback of this technique is the agglomeration of nanoparticles leading to the formation of large flocs. A low cost biopolymeric material, poly [β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose] (β-PADG) obtained from deacetylated chitin was used as stabilizer to synthesize zero valent nickel (ZVNi) nanoparticles. The β-PADG-ZVNi nanocomposite was characterized using infra red (IR), UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The morphology of the composite showed that β-PADG stabilized-ZVNi nanoparticles were present as discrete particles. The mean particle size was estimated to be (7.76 ± 2.98) nm and surface area of 87.10 m²/g. The stabilized-ZVNi nanoparticles exhibited markedly greater reactivity for reduction of nitrate in water with 100% conversion within 2 hr contact owing to less agglomeration. Varying the β-PADG-to-ZVNi ratio and the ZVNi-to-nitrate molar ratio generally led to a faster nitrate reduction. About 3.4-fold difference in the specific reaction rate constant suggests that the application of the β-PADG-stabilizer not only increased the specific surface area of the resultant nanoparticles, but also greatly enhanced the surface reactivity of the nanoparticles per unit area.     

废催化裂化催化剂的危险性及污染特征

为考察我国废催化裂化(FCC)催化剂的危险性及污染特征,以国内典型FCC装置的废催化剂为研究对象,分析其易燃性、反应性、腐蚀性、浸出毒性、毒性物质含量及急性毒性。研究发现:废FCC催化剂无易燃性、反应性、腐蚀性、急性毒性危险;未检测出具有致癌致突变性的有机污染物;废FCC催化剂的特征污染物为Ni及其化合物,Ni的浸出浓度低于国家标准限值,Ni的存在形态为Ni Al2O4尖晶石,而非具有致癌性的Ni O形态。     

化学沉淀-微滤-络合-超滤处理高浓度含镍废水

在pH=9下,镍离子浓度为5562.71mg/L的镍废水经充分沉淀后,以0.5μm孔径陶瓷膜微滤处理,发现浓缩时膜通量(J)先快速降低,经缓慢下降后,再较快降低,镍截留系数(R_Ni)接近1,当体积浓缩因子(VCF)从1增大到10时,截留液镍浓度(C_r)从5562.71mg/L浓缩至55507.76mg/L,渗透液镍浓度(C_p)为13.26mg/L.以陶瓷膜渗透液为料液,以聚乙烯亚胺为络合剂,考察聚合物与金属质量比(r_p/m)、pH值、温度和操作压力对恒容超滤R_Ni和J的影响,并研究超滤浓缩过程.结果表明,R_Ni随r_p/m或pH增大而增大,随温度升高而略下降,与操作压力无关;J随温度或操作压力增大而增大,随pH增大而增大至不变,r_p/m对J影响甚微.超滤浓缩时,控制r_p/m=7和pH=9,当VCF从1增大到30时,J仅下降9.76%,C_r从13.26mg/L增大至396.64mg/L,C_p约0.04mg/L,镍离子被浓缩,超滤渗透液可直接排放.