IMC染色剂的使用对水环境质量影响的安全性评估

依据美国环境保护局工业环境实验室提出的多介质环境目标值(MEG)及其综合排放指数,对IMC-401染色剂在使用过程中一旦泄漏或排放,可能对水环境质量、人体健康和生态系统产生的影响进行了安全性评估。     

Effects of Zn~（2＋） on root growth，cell division，and nucleoli of Allium cepa L．

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＺｎ~（２＋）ｏｎｒｏｏｔｇｒｏｗｔｈ，ｃｅｌｌｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｎｕｃｌｅｏｌｉｏｆＡｌｌｉｕｍｃｅｐａＬ．￥ＬｉｕＤｏｎｇｈｕａ；ＪｉａｎｇＷｕｓｈｅｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＣｈｕｎｌｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｔｉ?..     

Prenatal diagnosis of a double bisatellited marker with an unusual copy number ratio

Prenatal diagnosis, by amniocentesis, revealed mosaicism with respect to a bisatellited, apparently dicentric, DA/DAPI positive, de novo marker. The following cell lines were observed in decreasing order of frequency: 46,XX > 48.XX, + mar, + mar » 47,XX, + mar. The pregnancy was terminated and post-mortem examination revealed an apparently normal fetus. Cytogenetic studies of fetal and placental tissues revealed approximately the same level of mosaicism together with the unusual copy number ratio seen in the amniotic fluid cultures. Non-disjunction at the first post-zygotic mitotic division giving rise to a mosaic: 46,XX/ 48,XX, + mar, + mar followed by subsequent mitotic instability of the marker could account for the unusual copy number ratio.     

Marker chromosomes in A series of 10000 prenatal diagnoses. Cytogenetic and follow-up studies

In a series of 10 000 prenatal diagnoses 15 marker chromosomes were detected in our centre. Six of these were familial whilst nine had originated de novo. They were analysed with various staining methods. DA-DAPI staining was positive in nine out of 12 pregnancies. Six pregnancies were continued. Five normal children were born, one ended in intrauterine fetal death of a normal fetus at 37 weeks. Nine pregnancies were terminated, showing six normal fetuses, one familial cat-eye syndrome, one fetus with Down syndrome caused by additional trisomy 21 and one fetus with cystic kidneys resp. It is concluded that it seems safe to continue the pregnancy in cases of a familial marker, identical to that of one parent, whilst a de novo DA-DAPI positive marker seems to present a low risk for fetal anomalies.     

Al~（3＋）对绿豆根生长和根类细胞核仁的影响

研究了不同浓度铝离子［ｃ（Ａｌ３＿）＝１０１，１０－２，１０－３，１０－４和平共处０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）］对绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）根生长及根尖细胞核仁的影响．结果表明：ｃ（Ａｌ３＋）在１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上时对根生长和根尖细胞核仁都有着抑制作用．该仁受毒害后．核仁物质外溢细胞质内，严重时核仁物质几乎占据整个细胞质．该现象在分生组织细胞和根冠细胞中都可以观察到．     

Allium cepa root tip assay in assessment of toxicity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and microparticles

Allium cepa bioassay had been used from decades for the assessment of toxicants and their harmful effects on environment as well as human health. Magnesium oxide(MgO) particles are being utilized in different fields. However, reports on the adverse effects of MgO nanoparticles on the environment and mankind are scarce. Hence, the toxicity of MgO particles is of concern because of their increased utilization. In the current study, A. cepa was used as an indicator to assess the toxicological efficiency of MgO nano-and microparticles(NPs and MPs) at a range of exposure concentrations(12.5, 25, 50, and100 μg/m L). The toxicity was evaluated by using various bioassays on A. cepa root tip cells such as comet assay, oxidative stress and their uptake/internalization profile. Results indicated a dose dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations and decrease in mitotic index(MI) when compared to control cells and the effect was more significant for NPs than MPs(at p 0.05). Comet analysis revealed that the Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) damage in terms of percent tail DNA ranged from 6.8–30.1 over 12.5–100 μg/m L concentrations of MgO NPs and was found to be significant at the exposed concentrations. A significant increase in generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals was observed in accordance with the lipid peroxidation profile in both MgO NPs and MPs treated plants when compared with control. In conclusion, this investigation revealed that MgO NPs exposure exhibited greater toxicity on A. cepa than MPs.     

基于流式细胞特性的LNA和HNA细菌相关性研究

采用流式细胞技术分析了7种不同陆地环境介质中LNA和HNA细菌的浓度变化及流式细胞特性特征.结果显示,在水体和土壤等环境中都存在LNA和HNA细菌的分类,其中,土壤环境中LNA细菌浓度(10⁷~10⁸cells/g数量级)高于水环境中浓度(10⁵~10⁶cells/mL数量级),但其相对比重(29.80%~33.94%)低于水环境(除地下水外,21.60%)中LNA细菌(42.25%~65.92%),主成分分析(PCA)显示水体和土壤环境介质中LNA和HNA流式细胞参数具有明显差异;相关分析表明,LNA与HNA细菌的流式细胞参数(绿色荧光信号FL1和侧向散色信号SSC)之间具有显著相关性(FL1:R²=0.711, P<0.01, SSC:R²=0.762, P<0.01),在不同生态系统中SSC变异大于FL1变异.结果表明,LNA和HNA细菌之间既不是各自对应的某一特殊生理阶段细菌,也不是两个完全相互独立的细菌群体,而是具有特殊共变关系的细菌.     

聚磷菌富集实验及其内源特征探究

通过磷酸盐释放速率(PRR)测定、荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)及LIVE/DEAD细胞染色技术,分别研究了生物营养物去除(BNR)系统与富集聚磷菌(PAOs)序批式反应器(SBR)系统中PAOs在好氧环境下的衰减特征.结果表明,当富集聚磷菌SBR系统进料中碳源(三水合乙酸钠和丙酸)是以36d为一个循环周期方式投加时,即三水合乙酸钠24d和丙酸12d,系统中PAOs富集比例可达91%.测定与计算结果表明,生物营养物去除(BNR)系统与富集聚磷菌SBR系统中PAOs衰减速率分别为0.113d-1和0.181d-1,死亡速率分别为0.048d-1和0.036d-1.这说明由细胞死亡引起的PAOs数量衰减在两个系统中分别占细胞总衰减的42%(BNR)和20%(SBR),而由细胞活性降低引起的活性衰减分别占细胞总衰减的58%(BNR)和80%(SBR).由此可见,PAOs数量衰减在其细胞总衰减中只占较小一部分,而绝大部分衰减是由活性衰减所引起.