居室玻璃表面有机质与多环芳烃分布规律研究

为探讨广州和香港市区玻璃表面薄膜上有机质和PAHs的分布特征,从2007年12月至2008年1月,利用低尘擦拭纸采集广州和香港室内外相对应的15对玻璃表面薄膜样品.结果表明,广州室内外有机质占表面薄膜重量的1.8%和1.1%,香港则分别为3.9%和1.6%.玻璃表面薄膜上Σ15PAHs浓度的最高值达到1430ng/m2,以菲,芴,荧蒽,芘等为主.室内外对比结果显示,主要以颗粒态形式存在的5~6环化合物室内外差别较大,广州室外比室内大约高1倍,而香港由于中央通风系统的过滤作用,其室外比室内高约5~10倍.根据有机质和PAHs浓度之间的相关性,认为室内外存在不同源强的有机质和PAHs来源,玻璃表面可能更有利于PAHs的光降解.     

Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific

The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

粤港的红树林资源与开发利用

广东红树林植物有10科14种,香港有9科11种,两地共有红树林面积8322ha。红树林具有一定的生态资源价值和经济资源价值。生态资源价值有宝贵的生物基因库,保护海岸的绿色长城,巨大的营养源和鸟类的乐园。经济资源价值有薪炭、木材、造纸工业原料、提取单宁、食品、药材、绿肥、养蜂、水产养殖业和旅游业等。根据目前粤港红树林状况,可开辟水产养殖基地,发展旅游业,建立红树林林场和各种加工厂。     

资源三号卫星多光谱数据自动反演香港地区气溶胶光学厚度

利用ZY-3卫星数据高分辨率的特点,提出了一种基于图像自身的阴坡植被暗像元气溶胶光学厚度自动反演算法.首先,分区优选阴坡植被暗像元,基于程辐射信息估算红、蓝波段的气溶胶散射相函数、散射比.其次,在Gilabert算法基础上,增加地表漫反射项的考虑,利用简化的辐射传输方程直接解算阴坡植被及浓密植被暗像元气溶胶光学厚度.最后采用克里金插值,将多个暗像元气溶胶光学厚度推算到整景图像的分布,进而进行大气纠正.结果表明,香港地区ZY-3数据AOD反演结果与MODIS气溶胶C051产品趋势一致,ZY-3数据AOD结果在揭示繁华都市区内部的AOD差异,以及识别城市内部污染源方面更具优势.ZY-3数据大气纠正后,图像清晰度、对比度增强,统计结果显示水体及浓密植被的光谱特征与先验知识相符.     

香港特区电梯事故管理机制研究

香港特区是典型的经济发达地区,电梯安全管理水平达到世界先进。通过学习香港电梯安全管理和事故管理经验,研究电梯的安全条例、守则中电梯各相关方的职责、电梯事故的管理机制,分析香港特区电梯典型的事故技术调查报告和历年的事故统计数据,有利于加强内地与香港特区之间的技术和管理方面的深入交流,有助于给出进一步提升国家电梯安全和应急管理水平的有效措施和建议。     

香港东部近海水质时空分布模式

综合利用系统聚类分析、后退式判别分析和基于GIS平台的逆距离加权法开展了香港东部近海水质时空分布模式研究,案例为香港东部近海区域,数据为2000～2004年27个采样点4类15个水质指标.结果表明:①在时间尺度上,香港东部近海水质最佳分为1～5月和6～12月2组;在空间尺度上分为2组,分别对应于重度和轻度污染类型;②表征时间和空间差异性的显著性指标分别为Si、NH 4-N、SD、DO、温度和TN、NH 4-N、PO-4-P、VSS;③显著性指标的时空差异性比较明显,其中空间尺度上第1组采样点(MM1、TM2～TM4)的周边区域浓度显著高于第2组,同时,除了第1组周边区域之外,TN与PO-4-P的空间分布基本相反,而NH 4-N与VSS则比较相似;时间尺度上Si在6～12月的平均浓度明显高于1～5月,而NH 4-N和SD则相反,此外,DO和温度两者的差异性显著负相关.基于上述结果,建议优化监测频次/采样点,同时需要加强8个显著性指标的监测,并且需要加强香港东部海岸陆源污染控制:吐露港和香港与深圳交界处重点削减点源和农田径流污染,而牛尾海水质管制区和赤门峡北部需要加强浴场休闲区和鱼类与贝类养殖区的环境管制.此研究可为香港近海水质监测和功能区划提供科学基础.     

完善生态影响评估 促进中国生态资源的保护

环境影响评估对减少工业和城市发展对环境的影响起到了一定的作用,但目前的环境影响评估工作比较重视发展项目对其周围水、气污染方面的评估,对自然资源影响的评估还未受到足够的重视,文章对生态影响评估的重要性及中国内地生态影响评估的现状进行了简要的讨论,并介绍了香港生态影响评估系统,以为我国同地生态影响评估工作的管理提供参考。     

阜新市闹德海集中式饮用水源地水污染风险模糊综合评价

建立了模糊综合评价数学模型,针对阜新市闹德海集中式饮用水源地辽河支流柳河段上游2001年~2005年水质状况进行水污染风险评价。旨在定量分析评价阜新地区集中饮用水源地水环境质量现状和存在的问题。结果表明:柳河上游水质在2001~2005年间波动较大,主要呈Ⅰ类Ⅲ类,基本符合集中式饮用水源地水质要求。其中2003和2005年河流总磷和溶解氧超标严重,五年间主要污染物变化规律也不同,总磷呈递增趋势,溶解氧呈递减趋势。     

Developing chemical signatures of particulate air pollution in the Pearl River Delta region, China

PM2:5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–2003. Trans-boundary transport between Hong Kong and the inland PRD is inevitable under the influence of Asian monsoon. In summer, Hong Kong serves as the upwind site of the inland PRD while during other seasons it is under the influence of continental emissions. Previous studies have recognized the importance of using chemical signatures to differentiate local vs. regional contributions to air pollutants in Hong Kong such as the CO/NOx ratio, ratios of different VOC species. In this study, detailed chemical speciation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with PM2:5 samples to identify new chemical signatures to distinguish aerosols in Hong Kong from those from the inland PRD. Since Hong Kong is not influenced by the continental emissions from the inland PRD during summer, comparison focused on chemical data obtained from this season for chemical signatures. The new ratios developed from the current study include LCPI/HCPI ratio of alkanes (0.39 0.02 in Hong Kong vs. 0.78 0.08 in the inland PRD), pyrene to benzo[ghi]perylene ratio (0.97 0.21 in Hong Kong compared to 0.20 0.06 in the inland PRD), and the ratio of 1,2-benzenedioic acid to 1,4-benzenedioic acid (1.8 0.1 in Hong Kong vs. 0.6 0.05 in the inland PRD). Results from this study also revealed that Hong Kong was impacted by ship emissions as reflected by substantially high V/Ni ratio (9 2) while this ratio was about 1–2 at all sites in the inland PRD, which is very close to typical ratios from residual oil combustion.     

海南红沙港海水中细菌污染调查与评价

于2006年4-6月在红沙港海域进行了四个航次调查,对海域中5个站位的海水样品进行了细菌学检测.结果表明,四个航次海水粪大肠杆菌群超标率最高为40%,异养细菌总数超标率均达60%以上.四个航次海水粪大肠杆菌单项污染指数平均值分别为0.755、1.792、2.215和0.578,异养细菌总数单项污染指数平均值分别为1.54、2.73、24.04和6.11.生物统计学分析显示,粪大肠杆菌群与异养细菌总数存在一定的正相关关系,其相关系数r2=0.439 9.红沙港海水已受到粪大肠杆菌和异氧细菌污染.