沉积物充气过程对锌的影响

在缺氧沉积物中,酸可挥发硫（ＡＶＳ）是总硫含量中的一个活性最大的部分。它控制着还原状态沉积物内孔隙水的重金属浓度又通过与重金属形成硫化物,影响着沉积物中重金属的形态。现已证明,ＡＶＳ与重金属反应是重要方面。ＡＶＳ的变化来自人类活动和自然现象。本项研究通过对香港河流和海湾沉积物３２ｄ的连续充气实验,探索硫含量变化对Ｚｎ对影响。     

Systematic Contradiction Between Heritage Conservation and Tourism Development： Cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu

In recent years, with the rapid development of the tourist industry, world heritage sites become more and more popular among tourists from home and abroad. Therefore, heritage tourism has become a new hotspot. However, while world heritage sites are making obvious economic benefit from tourism, they also bring various problems and contradictions, of which the most troublesome one is the contradiction between heritage conservation and tourism development. To discuss and analyze the root and the essence of the above contradiction and find a way to bring about harmony between them is an important program faced by our national heritage management practice and academic research. Based on the case of cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, this paper analyzes the reasons why our national world cultural heritage sites bring about the above contradiction in the process of tourism development and points out that the improper system and stake-holders＇ benefit imbroglio are respectively the root and the essence of the contraction. Then, it also puts forward corresponding solutions.     

Estimating the total exposure to air pollutants for different population age groups in Hong Kong

Given that Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, the exposure of the Hong Kong people is one of the interesting research areas. In this study, an indirect approach was used to estimate the exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respiratory dust (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) pollutants experienced by different age groups of people in Hong Kong. The average concentrations of the 20 major microenvironments obtained from our measurement survey data, together with the people activity pattern data obtained from 7-day recall questionnaires, were used to predict frequency distributions to exposure assessment. Our results showed that Hong Kong people spent more than 86% of their time indoors. Homes were shown to be the one of the major exposure sites to NO2, CO and PM10 for all age groups. Our results also indicate that the 24-h NO2 exposure for individuals, irrespective of age, spending more than 2 h in commuting daily, was observed to be exceeding the 24-h NO2 exposure standards. This study was one of the pioneering studies with valuable contribution for modeling the estimates of exposures to NO2, PM10 and CO of different age groups in Hong Kong.     

香港的建筑物环境评估

城市高层建筑对环境有着巨大的影响，香港为此制定了《香港建筑物环境评估方法》。此文介绍了香港建筑物环境评估的背景，目标，程序和方法，并建议在我国内地尽快实施建筑物环境评价，以优化城市生态系统，实现城市的可持续发展。     

Soil Characteristics and Management in an Urban Park in Hong Kong

3   threshold. With diminished porosity, transmission of air and water, storage of plant-available moisture, and root growth suffer. Chemically, the samples have an unnatural alkaline pH; inadequate organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations; and limited cation exchange capacity. The results can help park-soil management, including the need to evaluate soil in planned park sites, salvage high-grade soil parcels, prevent construction damage, ameliorate structure by mechanical operations and suitable amendments, and replace site soil of very poor quality. Edaphic problems can be forestalled or solved by treating soil as an integral component of park planning and management based on scientific principles and methods.     

香港周边海域野生鱼体内DDTs和PCBs的含量分布和食用风险评估

为研究香港周边海域鱼体内持久性有机污染物的污染水平、分布特征及其对当地居民的健康风险评估,采集了香港周边海域中31种野生鱼,分析鱼体中两类典型持久性有机污染物,如滴滴涕（DDTs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）.结果表明,香港周边海域野生鱼类DDTs和PCBs的含量范围分别为0.44~17 ng·g^-1和0.028~6.3 ng·g^-1,与国内外其他地方相比处于中低水平.在空间分布上,大屿山西部的鱼体内DDTs含量最低,而吐露港鱼体中PCBs含量最低.鱼类的生活环境及食性影响其在鱼体内DDTs与PCBs的富集程度.来源分析显示野生鱼体内DDTs来源主要为历史残留,迁徙的鱼类可能受沿海岸河口DDTs污染影响.此外,健康风险评估结果表明,香港青少年和成年人长期食用香港周边海域的鱼类可能会存在潜在的终生致癌风险.因此,香港当地居民应尽量减少对其周边海岸野生鱼类的摄入.     

粤港细粒子(PM2.5)污染导致能见度下降与灰霾天气形成的研究

为了研究珠三角地区细粒子气溶胶的环境效应,使用粤港地区长期气象资料和珠三角大气成分站网高分辨率资料,结合卫星遥感AOD结果,分析了珠三角地区由于细粒子(PM2.5)污染导致能见度下降与形成灰霾天气的长期变化趋势.结果表明,近年来珠江三角洲地区的气溶胶污染日趋严重,气溶胶云一年四季都可以出现,且长期稳定存在,重污染区位于珠江口以西的珠江三角洲西侧.灰霾天气主要出现在10月至次年4月.灰霾导致能见度恶化.自20世纪80年代初开始,该地区的能见度急剧恶化,灰霾天气显著增加,其中有3次大的波动,分别代表珠江三角洲经济发展相伴随的粗颗粒气溶胶污染、硫酸盐+粗颗粒气溶胶污染、光化学过程的细粒子+硫酸盐和粗颗粒气溶胶的复合污染时期.雾和轻雾造成的低能见度的长期变化趋势,没有由于人类活动影响或经济发展影响带来趋势性变化,其波动主要反映了气候波动固有的年际和年代际变化.珠江三角洲能见度的恶化主要与细粒子关系比较大,PM10有一半年份的年均值超过国家二级标准的年均值限值(70μg·m-3),而PM2.5年均值全部年份都超过国家二级标准的年均值限值(35μg·m-3),尤其是有些年份的年均值浓度超过标准限值的2倍,细粒子浓度甚高.另外,近年PM2.5占PM10的比重非常高,可达51%～79%,黑碳气溶胶浓度非常高,月均值达到5.0～9.1μg·m-3.和20余年前的资料相比较,细粒子在气溶胶中的比重有明显增加.因而在目前粤港地区的气溶胶污染中,主要是细粒子的污染,尤其是黑碳气溶胶污染严重.     

红旗岭镍矿区水环境质量评价

红旗岭镍矿是我国第二大镍矿。根据红旗镍矿区开采情况,采集了矿区的地表水和地下水进行了分析测试。依据《地表水环境质量标准GB3838-2002》与《地下水环境质量标准GB/T 14848-93》对矿区水资源质量进行综合评价,得出矿区地表水受矿山采矿、选矿等活动影响严重,浅层地下水相对受到影响较弱,但仍有几种元素超标。     

典型抗生素类药物在城市污水处理厂中的含量水平及其行为特征

采用固相萃取、液相色谱/串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）法研究了8种常用抗生素（包括喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和氯霉素）在城市污水处理厂中的含量水平、去除特点及其行为特征.结果显示,药物的检出率和含量水平均高于美国及欧洲等国家.氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、红霉素（脱水）、罗红霉素和磺胺甲唑5种抗生素在4家污水厂(香港2家,广州2家)中都有检出,进水和出水中的含量范围分别在16～1 987 ng·L^-1和16～2 054 ng·L^-1之间.其它3种抗生素仅在某些污水厂中有检出.抗生素在污水处理厂中不能被完全去除,最高去除率为81％.5种高检出率药物在污水厂中每日的环境排放量（包括污水和污泥中含量）在0.5～828 g·d^-1之间.计算结果表明,广州和香港地区的每人日消费量有较大差异,广州地区要明显高于香港地区,特别是大环内酯类药物.