南京市土地利用遥感监测与评价

以2006年和2007年TM遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS技术,对南京市的土地利用动态变化进行了监测,结果表明,从2006～2007年,南京市耕地减少6723.72hm2,林地减少975.46hm2,而水域增加了1663.26hm2,建设用地增加了5191.11hm2,草地增加758.78hm2,未利用地增加了86.03hm2。与2006年相比南京市生态环境质量指数略有下降。     

基于3S技术的大柳塔煤矿土地利用动态研究

以地处鄂尔多斯高原与黄土高原的交接地带的大柳塔煤矿为研究区域,采用遥感技术（RS）、地理信息系统（GIS）和全球定位系统（GPS）等＂3S＂技术,以2002年航空遥感数据和2009年美国快鸟（QuickBird）卫星遥感数据为依据进行矿区土地利用动态研究。     

辽河源头区坡耕地面源污染阻控技术研究

辽河源头区多为低山丘陵区域．由于人类对土地资源的不合理开发利用,致使森林覆盖率降低,坡耕地面积增多。为提高单位面积的农作物产量,主要措施之一就是增加化肥投入量．随着农田生态系统化肥投入量的增加,不被作物吸收的营养物质通过淋溶渗透地表径流等进入水环境中。坡耕地面源污染阻控研究是基于其产生的原因及迁移过程,采取农业耕作措施、水土保持工程措施和生物措施等相结合方式,构建坡耕地面源污染控制技术体系。     

丹江口库区土地利用变化与生态环境脆弱性评价

基于RS和GIS技术,研究了丹江口库区1990-2007年的土地利用变化状况,采用空间主成分分析法构建了生态环境脆弱性评价模型,评价了库区生态环境脆弱性,探讨了土地利用变化与生态环境脆弱性的关系。结果表明:①库区土地利用格局承受着社会经济发展和生态环境保护与建设两方面相互矛盾的巨大压力,1990-2007年间,除水田和旱地减少外,其他用地比例均有不同程度增长。②18 a间,库区生态环境整体状况有所好转,脆弱性综合指数从5.96降至5.56。林地基本处于微度脆弱性状态,灌丛、园地、草地属于轻度和中度脆弱状态,水田、旱地和未利用地多属于中度和重度脆弱状态。③不同利用类型的脆弱性综合指数顺序基本保持为:城镇>农村居民地>未利用地>旱地>园地>草地>水田>灌丛>林地,林灌措施是库区生态恢复和重建的首选,同时应加强城镇与农村居民地以及农田的生态环境建设。     

Nutrient utilization by Casuarina equisetifolia plantation of different ages in the tropical coastal area of South China北大核心CSCD

Casuarina equisetifolia plantation plays a key role in protecting coastal areas from hazardous climate. However, the plantations in the tropical coastal area of south China have degraded severely in recent years. This research aimed to investigate the nutrient status of the plantation ecosystem along a chronological sequence. The results showed that different parts of the Casuarina equisetifolia had very similar level of Carbon (C), 448-462 g kg-1 in the branch and trunk, 416-430 g kg-1 in the leaf and shed leaf, 320-391 g kg-1 in the fine root. Carbon content did not vary with the plantation age. High fine root biomass did not definitely lead to high soil carbon stock. Casuarina equisetifolia had Nitrogen (N) content of 9.9-11.9 g kg-1, with the highest N found in the leaf and fine root. The Phosphorus (P) content was in the order of leaf > fine root > trunk. The plantation in fast growth period of age 6 had the lowest N and P. The soil of 3-year plantation had the highest P content among the 4 age classes, which also resulted in the highest soil C and N content in plantation of 3 years among all. However, the C and N stock of the sandy soil was extremely low compared to normal soil of the region. Soil N was weakly correlated with leaf N, but soil P not correlated with leaf P. Except for the obvious dynamics of C/N and C/P ratios in the leaf, which showed a peak in 6-year plantations, the C/N and C/P ratios of different organs did not change with the plantation age. Casuarina equisetifolia retranslocated nutrients from aging leaf at a rate of 18-30% for N and 43-58% for P. The nutrient resorption efficiency was not correlated with nutrient level in either soil or plant. In summary, Casuarina equisetifolia has low level of nutrient status. The plantation growth is limited by N and P in young period, but by P in relatively older period.     

Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land‐Use Changes along the North American East Coast: A 110‐Year Historical Reconstruction

The North American east coast (NAEC) region experienced significant climate and land‐use changes in the past century. To explore how these changes have affected land water cycling, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM 2.0) was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of runoff and river discharge during 1901‐2010 in the study area. Annual runoff over the NAEC was 420 ± 61 mm/yr (average ± standard deviation). Runoff increased in parts of the northern NAEC but decreased in some areas of the southern NAEC. Annual freshwater discharge from the study area was 378 ± 61 km³/yr (average ± standard deviation). Factorial simulation experiments suggested that climate change and variability explained 97.5% of the interannual variability of runoff and also resulted in the opposite changes in runoff in northern and southern regions of the NAEC. Land‐use change reduced runoff by 5‐22 mm/yr from 1931 to 2010, but the impacts were divergent over the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain areas of the southern NAEC. Land‐use change impacts were more significant at local and watershed spatial scales rather than at regional scales. Different responses of runoff to changing climate and land‐use should be noted in future water resource management. Hydrological impacts of afforestation and deforestation as well as urbanization should also be noted by land‐use policy makers.     

鄂尔多斯采煤损毁土地预测与复垦模式分析

鄂尔多斯地区作为我国的主要储煤区,由于煤炭开采导致的土地损毁问题日趋严峻,探索适宜该区自然条件特点的采煤沉陷损毁规律与土地复垦模式,对于该区土地资源可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。在对生产工艺、土地利用现状分析的基础上,采用MSPS软件对项目区采煤沉陷土地进行损毁范围及程度分析,进而结合损毁预测结果制定复垦措施:对耕地区因地制宜进行梯田整地、灌溉、排水设施建设,林、草地区在尽量减少地表扰动的前提下适时补植,并加强管护。     

Use of agricultural land evaluation and site assessment in Whitman County,Washington, USA

Whitman County, Washington, USA, one of the largest wheat producing counties in the country, developed a land evaluation and site assessment system for evaluating proposed conversions of agricultural land to heavy commercial uses. The system uses soil potential indices to determine a land evaluation score and a nine-factor site assessment system to weigh suitability for development. Details on each of these are provided along with results for four sample sites.Scientific Paper no. 7165, College of Argiculture and Home Economics Research Paper, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, project no. 0010.     

Spatial dynamics of Mediterranean coastal regions

During recent decades the northern shores of the Mediterranean have experienced a rapid transformation; mainly due to touristic development. At present, more than 25% of the worldÕs hotel accommodation is found in the Mediterranean. This paper presents some figures illustrating the related growth of different sectors of coastal economy, such as housing, tourism, industry and traffic. A better control of these developments is urgently needed. To this end a spatial planning policy should be elaborated which fully incorporates environmental issues. The concept of integrated coastal (zone) management has only recently been introduced in regional and national policies. A classification of spatial dynamics including settlement-environment relationships can stimulate the implementation of integrated planning policies in the coastal belt of the Mediterranean region.     

On the integrated modelling of coastal changes

This paper introduces a possible approach to integrated modelling of coastal change, focusing on coastal land use and cover change. Some of the mostimportant open issues in the context of integrated modelling of coastal change are introduced. The paper focuses on methdological aspects. Specific reference is made to Physiographic Unit Modelling as an approach to better handle spatial variability and ‘morphogenesis’, and as a way to focus on coastal change mechanisms instead of absolute coastal dynamics for achieving an important simplification of the problem. The application is briefly discussed with reference to a ‘minimal model’. The methodological structure introduced is considered particularly suitable to represent, according to a variable degree of simplification, the integrative dynamics between resources and uses of the resources.