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1.
Community evacuation following a chlorine release, Mississippi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
On 7th September 1986, four miles north of Collins, Mississippi, a train transporting chlorine derailed. Two cars ruptured and gas escaped. As a result, 100 families were evacuated. To study the evacuation process, we conducted person-to-person interviews with sixty-two families staying in the evacuation center. Only 52.5% of the families received their first directive to evacuate directly from police or other officials. Delays in evacuating tended to be shorter when people were warned by the police and were told the reason for evacuating. Lack of personal transportation and preexisting health problems resulted in delays in evacuation. Concerns about evacuation included fear of looting, lack of a place to go, lack of transportation, difficulty in moving with children and elderly persons, and the need to take care of pets. One third of the interviewees reported feeling panic. Community evacuation procedures would be improved if: (1) officials contact all households directly; (2) the warning message addresses people's concerns; and (3) transportation is provided. 相似文献
2.
宋延军 《防灾科技学院学报》2006,8(4):94-97
高等院校管理者必须思考如何更加有效的激励教师工作的积极性。高等院校教师的有效激励机制包括教师工作激励机制、教师成就激励机制和优秀教师的价值激励机制。三者有机结合,才能更好的促进教师的工作积极性、主动性、创造性,实现高等院校教师的自我价值。 相似文献
3.
4.
Maternal age specific rates for all major chromosome aberrations have been determined in 52 965 pregnancies in mothers 35 years of age and over at the time of amniocentesis. Rates increase exponentially with advancing maternal age for trisomies 21, 18 and 13, and for the XXX and XXY syndromes, but in the autosomal trisomies this rise appears to be followed by a levelling off at the upper end of the age range. A significant inverse relationship with maternal age is found for 45,X cases. It is postulated that these various patterns are the result of the interaction of three principal factors: a maternal age effect acting particularly on first meiotic nondisjunction: a higher spontaneous abortion rate with advancing maternal age for aneuploid as compared to euploid conceptions; and an increased probability of spontaneous abortion before the time of amniocentesis for conceptions with more extensive chromosome imbalance. A stepwise logistic regression analysis of 13 299 pregnancies in which both parental ages are known shows that the father's age does not influence these maternal age specific rates, with the possible exception of the 47,XXY syndrome. 相似文献
5.
Circulating placental [human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), Schwangerschafts protein 1 (SP1), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), decidual (pregnancy protein) 12 (PP12), and fetal alphafetoprotein (AFP)] proteins were measured immediately before and within 1 h in 18 women undergoing diagnostic chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the first trimester. An elevation of serum AFP levels was consistently seen, while fluctuations in excess of 10 per cent of the pre-CVS levels of SP1 and PP12 were seen in the majority of patients. Fluctuations in hCG and PAPP-A were consistently less than 10 per cent of pre-CVS values. Post-CVS changes in levels were not apparently associated with any feature of the technique, the pregnancy, or its outcome (one missed abortion). As feto-maternal haemorrhage is a common event, anti-D should be offered to rhesus-negative women undergoing CVS. In the prediction of subsequent miscarriage, only hCG and PAPP-A measurements should be considered. 相似文献
6.
In vitro characteristics of human fetal cells have been investigated after chorionic villus sampling at the first trimester and amniocentesis at the second trimester of pregnancy. Light microscopy revealed heterogeneous morphology of cell types in both the chorionic villus culture and the amniotic fluid cultures. Based on the experiments performed, chorionic villus cells are more sensitive to pronase, trypsin, and versene during subculture and have a higher DNA content per single cell and release more [125I]-Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin into culture medium than those found in amniotic fluid cells. The practical applications of this study are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Helmut Haberl Christoph Plutzar Karl-Heinz Erb Veronika Gaube Martin Pollheimer Niels B. Schulz 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2005,110(3-4):119-131
The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPPt), actual NPP (NPPact), harvest (NPPh) and NPPt (= NPPact − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss. 相似文献
8.
The value of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A in screening for Down syndrome in early pregnancy was assessed using stored samples. Seventeen cases of Down syndrome and 66 unaffected control pregnancies were studied. The median PAPP-A level in the cases was 0.42 multiples of the expected value in controls (p <0.0001). Eleven cases (65 per cent) had levels less than half the expected value compared with only six controls (9 per cent). A commercial assay kit is now needed so that prospective screening with this marker can begin. 相似文献
9.
Liu Zhengchao Pan Xunxi Dong Wenbo Hou Huiqi Zhang Zhenman Hou Jian Yu Yong Li Changlin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1997,9(1):95-99
In this paper pulsed corona discharge is shown to be effective for the decomposition of CF3Cl(Freon-13).The pressure of CF3Cl was 2.67×103Pa,after discharged for 2 min,39.5% of CF3Cl was decomposed.The products were mainly CF4,Cl2 and CF2Cl2.The yield increased by adding O2 or air.Under the same conditions,more than 94% decomposition yield was obtained if 5.32×103Pa O2 or air was added.The composition of products became CF2O,Cl2 and CF4.While the partial pressure of O2 or air reached 1 arm,the decomposition yield decreased to 54.5% and 48. 5% respectively. 相似文献
10.
简要介绍了等离子体的相关概念及其处理污染物的工作原理,阐述了等离子体技术在固体废弃物治理方面的应用研究概况,并对等离子体在固体废弃物治理中的应用作了市场前景分析,说明了该技术在固体废弃物治理中具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献