First-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin screening for chromosome defects

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of combined maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG) screening in detecting chromosome defects in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sera of 492 women (previously assayed for MSAFP) were analysed for MShCG under code without knowledge of cytogenetic results. Overall, 48 of 492 patients (9·8 per cent) had either an MSAFP multiple of the median ⩽0·5 or an MShCG β/a z ratio multiple of the median ⩽ 0·25, eight of whom had a fetus with a serious chromosome defect. A third of fetuses with Down' s syndrome and 83 per cent with trisomy 18 were detected at a potential‘cost’ of providing chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis in 8·6 percent of women screened.     

应用冷等离子体净化尾气中NO的研究

本文设计了轻便的电晕放电装置 ,并用其进行了冷等离子体去除NO的实验研究 ,得到了NO的去除率随放电管的输入功率、NO的初始浓度以及气体的流量而变化的对比曲线。在流量较小 (≤ 0 .0 5m3 /h)或者浓度较低 (≤ 15 0×10 -6)的情况下 ,本文所设计的装置去除NO的效果较好 (>80 % )。该装置体积小、重量轻、功耗低 ,加以改进 ,对于实际的汽车尾气排放控制 ,具有良好的应用前景     

低温等离子体技术处理挥发性有机物

介绍了低温等离子体技术在处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)的研究现状和成果;探讨了低温等离子体技术的发展趋势.     

等离子体与光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气

用一种等离子体-光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气，研究表明该复合技术具有较显著的协同促进效应，通过改变等离子体发生单元与光催化单元的距离以及在两者之间放置去静电网，可消除等离子体单元产生的负电荷对光催化单元的不利影响，进一步提高其复合效应。同时还对这一复合技术产生协同效应的机理进行了分析，并在污水处理泵站实地考查了这种复合技术对臭气的净化效果。该技术对臭气中NH3的降解率可达46．1％，对H2S的降解率可达67．3％。     

低温等离子体技术改善生物膜反应器载体表面性能的研究

通常，微生物及广为应用的多聚体型生物载体表面均带有有负电荷。两者间产生的静电斥力严重阻碍了载体表面生物膜的形成。为强化微生物的载体上附着，提出了载体表面电荷改性新技术；低温等离子体氧化－Ｆｅ离子沉积技术。研究了４种等离子体对４种聚合载体（ＰＥ、ＰＰ、ＰＳ和ＰＶＣ）的氧化强度及Ｆｅ＾３＋在处理后载体上的沉积。实验表明，处理后的载体表面生物膜形成速度加快，生物量显著增加，这项新技术为开发生物膜反应器新     

Mosaicism of autosomes and sex chromosomes in morphologically normal,monospermic preimplantation human embryos

We have previously detected chromosome abnormalities in human embryos whilst identifying the sex for preimplantation diagnosis of X-linked disease. In this study we assess the incidence of these abnormalities, both for sex chromosomes and autosomes 1 and 17, using dual fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Sixty-nine normally fertilized embryos of good morphology at the 6–10 cell stage (day 3 post-insemination) were examined. The embryos were spread whole using HCl and Tween 20 to dissolve the cytoplasm. Thirty-four embryos were analysed for the sex chromosomes and 35 for autosomes 1 and 17. All probes were directly labelled with fluorochromes allowing analysis in 2 h. Control lymphocytes demonstrated that the probes were of high specificity. For the sex chromosomes, five embryos were mosaic (15 per cent) with the remaining 29 being uniformly XX or XY. In no case was an XX nucleus found in an otherwise XY embryo, indicating that even though mosaicism for the sex chromosomes is present, such abnormalities would not lead to a misdiagnosis of sex. For the autosomes, 16 embryos were abnormal (46 per cent); one embryo was triploid, one was monosomic for chromosome 1, and ten others were diploid mosaics (three diploid/aneuploid, three diploid/polyploid, and four diploid/haploid). A further four embryos had variable chromosome numbers in the majority of nuclei which appeared to be the result of uncontrolled mitotic division. The presence of haploidy or double monosomy, which occurred in 15 per cent of nuclei, has important implications for the diagnosis of trisomies and dominant disorders.     

脉冲电晕等离子体活化纯CO2的反应

研究了在常温常压下，脉冲电晕等离子体对温室气体CO2的活化与转化分别考察了反应气体流速、脉冲电压峰值、放电频率对纯CO2转化的影响．结果表明，CO2主要分解为CO和O2，另有少量积碳和臭氧产生；随着反应气体流速的增加，CO2转化率、CO产率和选择性降低；随着脉冲电压峰值和放电频率的升高，CO2转化率、CO产率增大，CO选择性降低．     

远程氩等离子体对聚醚砜膜表面性能的改性

采用双悬浮探针和电子自旋共振法定量对远程氩等离子体进行诊断,确定了电子、离子浓度和自由基浓度的分布,以预测表面改性的最佳区;利用远程氩等离子体对聚醚砜（PES）超滤膜进行表面改性,通过接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析改性前后膜表面结构和性能的变化,最后利用牛血清蛋白分离实验分析改性前后膜的分离性能和抗污染性能变化.结果表明,氩等离子体中电子、离子浓度沿轴向距离逐渐降低,在30cm后接近于0,而40cm处自由基浓度仍维持在90%以上,为可能的最佳表面改性区;在该区对PES超滤膜改性后,引入含氧基团和含氮基团,膜表面（O+N）/C原子比从0.18增大到0.46,增强膜表面极性;在最佳处理条件下,膜表面接触角从67°减小到18°,使膜表面亲水性能增强,抑制了电子、离子对膜的刻蚀作用;通过牛血清蛋白实验测定改性后膜污染率由70.3%减小到64.7%,抗污染性能提高.     

Monitoring the levels of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in passenger cars: Utilisation of car air filters as active samplers

Filters in residential and office air conditioning(A/C) systems have been used as sampling devices for monitoring different pollutants.However,cabin air filters(CAFs) in the A/C system of passenger cars have not been utilised for this purpose.In this study,we collected22 used CAFs from passenger cars in Hanoi,Vietnam to analyse for 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) and 10 organophosphate esters(OPEs).All the analytes were detected in more than 50% of samples with the exception of BDE153 and BDE154.The average concentrations of ∑_(10)OPEs and ∑_8 BDEs in the captured dust were 2600 and 40 ng/g,respectively with Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate(TCIPP) and BDE209 as the dominant congener in OPE and BDE groups,respectively.CAFs are a potential tool to qualitatively assess the levels of semi-volatile chemicals in suspended dust in cars as a screening step for exposure assessment of those chemicals.