处理焦化废水中难生物降解的有机毒物的研究

研究了Fenton试剂(H₂O₂+Fe2+)在紫外光(UV)幅照下,氧化处理焦化废水中难被生物降解的有机毒物的可行性,并对反应条件进行了优化,结果表明此法对焦化废水中包括多环芳烃(PAH)的所有有机毒物都有较强的去除能力。但如何降低处理费用,有待进一步工作。      

有机过氧化物性质和安全性评价

介绍了有机过氧化物的性质、用途、安全性评价方法以及测试方法,要客观地评价有机过氧化物的安全性,必须通过多种方法来进行综合分析评定,为有机过氧化物的安全生产、使用、贮存和运输等提供科学的依据。     

草浆碱木素过氧化氢氧化氨解制备氨化木质素缓释肥料的研究

研究了草浆碱木素的过氧化氢氧化氨解的工艺过程,研究了各种工艺参数对过氧化氢氧化氨解的影响。在最佳的工艺条件,120℃, 90 min 反应时间, 20%过氧化氢用量和20% 氨水用量下,得到的氨化木质素总氮11.62%,氨态氮4.12%。研究表明过氧化氢完全可以替代氧气作为木质素氧化剂,为草浆碱木素转化成有机肥料提供依据。     

Unexpected difference in phenol sorption on PTMA- and BTMA-bentonite

The comparison of phenol sorption on phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)- and benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-bentonite shows a clear difference as far as phenol sorption isotherms are concerned. For PTMA-bentonite the sorption isotherm is of a straight-line character which results from simple partitioning of phenol between the aqueous and organic phases sorbed on the bentonite surface. For BTMA-bentonite the isotherm has a convex shape, characteristic of physicochemical sorption.For the first time a three-parametric model, including the dissociation constant of phenol pK_a, distribution constant of phenol Kd_phen and phenolate anion Kd_phen⁻ between the aqueous phase and the bentonite phases is used for the evaluation of phenol sorption on organoclays with pH change. The model shows that the values of Kd_phen are higher than those of Kd_phen⁻ for all investigated initial phenol concentrations.The inspection of the FTIR spectrum of BTMA-bentonite loaded with phenol in the regions 1300–1600 and 1620–1680 cm⁻¹ shows the features of π–π electron interaction between the benzene rings of phenol and the BTMA cation together with the phenol–water hydrogen bond strengthened by this interaction.     

H2O2与OH反应的量子化学研究

用从头计算法在ＵＨＦ／６－３１Ｇ＾＊８水平下研究了Ｈ２Ｏ２与ＯＨ的反应机理。通过振动分析确认了过渡态,利用ＧＡＭＥＳＳ程序得到内禀反应坐标（ＩＲＣ）,计算了反应活化能,得到与实验较为一致的结果。研究表明,该反应是一步直接的夺氢反应。     

Detailed and reduced chemistry for hydrogen autoignition

Reaction-rate parameters are given for the detailed chemistry of gas-phase hydrogen combustion, involving 21 reversible elementary steps. It is indicated that, when attention is restricted to specific combustion processes and particular conditions of interest, fewer elementary steps are needed. In particular, for calculating autoignition times over a wide range of pressures for temperatures between about 1000 and 2000 K, five irreversible elementary steps suffice, yielding a remarkable reduction in complexity. It is explained that, from a mathematical viewpoint, in terms of global reaction-kinetic mechanisms, the hydrogen–oxygen system in principle comprises only six overall steps. Rational reduced chemical mechanisms for hydrogen combustion therefore necessarily must have fewer than six overall steps. For autoignition over the range of conditions specified above, ignition times can be determined accurately by considering, in addition to an elementary initiation step and an elementary termination step, at most three overall steps for reaction intermediaries, which reduce to two for very fuel-lean conditions and to one for stoichiometric or fuel-rich conditions. The resulting reductions can simplify computations that need to be performed in risk analyses for hydrogen storage and utilization.     

Monitoring of Aerial Pollutants Emitted from Swine Houses in Korea

This on-site survey study was performed to determine the concentrations and emissions of aerial contaminants in the different types of swine houses in Korea and then to present beneficial information available for Korean pig producers to manage optimal air quality in swine house. The swine houses investigated in this research were selected based on three criteria; manure removal system, ventilation mode and growth stage of swine. Mean concentrations of aerial pollutants in swine houses were 8 ppm for ammonia, 300 ppb for hydrogen sulfide, 2 mg m⁻³ for total dust, 0.6 mg m⁻³ for respirable dust, 4 log(cfu m⁻³) for total airborne bacteria and 3 log(cfu m⁻³) for total airborne fungi, respectively. Mean emissions based on pig (liveweight; 75 kg) and area (m²) were 250 and 340 mg h⁻¹ for ammonia, 40 and 50 mg h⁻¹ for hydrogen sulfide, 40 and 50 mg h⁻¹ for total dust, 10 and 15 mg h⁻¹ for respirable dust, 1.0 and 1.3 log(cfu) h⁻¹ for total airborne bacteria and 0.7 and 1.0 log(cfu) h⁻¹ for total airborne fungi, respectively. In general concentrations and emissions of gases were relatively higher in the swine houses managed with deep-pit manure system with slats and mechanical ventilation mode than the different swine housing types whereas those of particulates and bioaerosol were highest in the naturally ventilated swine houses with deep-litter bed system.     

混合气液两相放电对水中有机物降解的机理研究

采用混合气液两相放电的方法来处理水中的有机物.结果表明,这种新型的水处理方法对于苯酚具有较好地去除效果．随着电压的增加和空气的通入,苯酚的去除率都有所增加. 对放电区域内产生的活性物种——过氧化氢和臭氧进行了定量的测定,并发现随着电压和空气的通入量的增加,这2种物质的量都有所增加．对于反应过程中的能耗进行分析得到随着电压的增加,能耗增加的幅度要大于苯酚降解率增加的幅度,能量效率增加较小. 空气的通入增加了能耗, 输入总能量中一部分能量使反应溶液温度升高,导致了能量的损耗.     

Shock-induced ignition of hydrogen gas during accidental or technical opening of high-pressure tanks

This paper is devoted to the numerical and experimental investigation of hydrogen self-ignition as a result of the formation of a primary shock wave in front of a cold expanding hydrogen gas jet. Temperature increase, as a result of this shock wave, leads to the ignition of the hydrogen–air mixture formed on the contact surface. The required condition for hydrogen self-ignition is to maintain the high temperature in the area for a time long enough for hydrogen and air to mix and inflammation to take place.

Calculations of the self-ignition of a hydrogen jet are based on a physicochemical model involving the gas-dynamic transport of a viscous gas, the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation, the multi-component diffusion, and the heat exchange. We found that the reservoir pressure range, when a shock wave formed in the air during depressurization, has sufficient intensity to produce self-ignition of the hydrogen–air mixture formed at the front of a jet of compressed hydrogen. We present an analysis of the initial conditions (the hydrogen pressure inside the vessel, the temperature of the compressed hydrogen and the surrounding air, and the diameter of the hole through which the jet was emitted), which leads to combustion.     

萃取法回收废水中的蒽醌类化合物

双氧水生产过程排出的工作液洗涤废水中含有较多的蒽醌类化合物。研究了用重芳烃从废水中回收蒽醌类化合物的工艺条件。用填料塔在相比（体积比）1：10、温度60℃左右、pH6－8条件下,回收率达98％以上。萃取液可不经分离直接用于双氧水生产。