生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染分析及控制措施探析

生活垃圾填埋场在运营过程中容易产生恶臭气体,恶臭气体的控制也是困扰生活垃圾填埋场环保运营的一个主要环保问题。恶臭气体的无组织排放易引发填埋场周边居民环保投诉。因此,全面查找恶臭气体来源,制定有针对性控制措施,加强恶臭污染物的收集处理,将有效降低恶臭污染物对周边环境的影响,提升生活垃圾填埋场周边的大气环境质量。     

CPC/CaO_2氧缓释复合材料的制备及其释氧性能探讨

利用过氧化钙(CaO2)遇水释放氧气的特性,采用混合法将CaO2载入到磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)中,并通过挤出-滚圆造粒方法制备出CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料,旨在为污染地下水的好氧生物修复技术提供一种长期、高效的供氧源。由X射线衍射(XRD)分析可知,通过固相反应制取的CPC主要成分为Ca5(PO4)3(OH)和Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2,具有较快的固化时间和固化效果;CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料分3个阶段进行释氧,其中2、3阶段分别符合一级和零级释氧动力学特征,且其释氧速率和释氧周期得到明显改善。本研究成果可用于实际地下水修复工程,解决污染地下水原位生物修复过程中溶解氧(DO)的输送问题。     

Ozone tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris depends on more than one mechanism

Two bean cultivars with different sensitivity to ozone, i.e. the O₃-sensitive Cannellino and the O₃-tolerant Top Crop, were exposed to acute O₃-stress (165 nL L⁻¹) with the aim of evaluating physiological and biochemical traits that may confer O₃-tolerance. Stomatal conductance was smaller and the ability to dissipate excess energy, via regulated and unregulated nonphotochemical quenching mechanisms was greater in Top Crop than in Cannellino. These morphological and physiological-traits allowed the O₃-tolerant cultivar to compensate for the light-induced declines in Φ_PSII, to preserve photosystem II from excitation-energy, and likely to prevent the generation of ROS to a superior degree than the O₃-sensitive cultivar. Furthermore, the potential capacities to reducing the superoxide anion and H₂O₂ were significantly greater in Top Crop than in Cannellino. These findings are consistent with the early accumulation of H₂O₂, the almost complete disruption of cell structure, and irreversible damages to the photosynthetic apparatus observed in the O₃-sensitive cultivar.     

O3/H2O2法去除浮选药剂丁基黄药

采用O3/H2O2法去除水中丁基黄药,考察了H2O2/O3摩尔比、pH值、丁基黄药初始浓度、温度和自由基抑制剂对丁基黄药的去除效果的影响。结果表明,在相同O3投加量下,H2O2量越大,丁基黄药去除率越高。pH值为7～9,温度在293～303 K的范围内,O3/H2O2对丁基黄药都有很高的去除率。碳酸氢根和叔丁醇能在一定程度上降低丁基黄药的降解效率。研究还发现,在O3和H2O2投加量相同的条件下,H2O2多次投加对水中丁基黄药的处理效果明显优于一次性投加。GC/MS分析表明,O3/H2O2氧化丁基黄药氧化产物为羧酸类物质。     

H3PMo12O40/活性白土UV - H2O2催化氧化降解甲基橙

采用浸渍吸附法制备了H3PMo12O40/活性白土催化剂,并考察了H3 PMo12O40/活性白土对偶氮染料甲基橙的UV-H2O2降解的催化性能.实验结果表明,当H2O2加入量为0.4 mol/L、H3PMo12O40/活性白土加入量为0.30 g/L、溶液初始pH为2、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为1.0h时,甲基橙去...     

Kinetics of simazine advanced oxidation in water

Abstract

Comparison of the effects and kinetics of UV photolysis and four advanced oxidation systems (ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/UV radiation and UV radiation/hydrogen peroxide) for the removal of simazine from water has been investigated. At the conditions applied, the order of reactivity was ozone < ozone/hydrogen peroxide < UV radiation < ozone/UV radiation and UV radiation/hydrogen peroxide. Rate constants of the reactions between ozone and simazine and hydroxyl radical and simazine were found to be 8.7 M^‐1s^‐1 and 2.1x10⁹ M^‐1s^‐1, respectively. Also, a quantum yield of 0.06 mol.photon^‐1 was found for simazine at 254 nm UV radiation. The high value of the quantum yield corroborated the importance of the direct photolysis process. Percentage contributions of direct reaction with ozone, reaction with hydroxyl radicals and direct photolysis were also quantified.     

零价铁与双氧水异相Fenton降解活性艳橙X-GN

采用Fe0与H2O2构成异相Fenton体系降解偶氮染料活性艳橙X-GN,考察了初始pH、H2O2和Fe0投加量、温度等对反应过程的影响。实验结果表明,在初始pH值为3.0、Fe0投加量为0.8 g/L、H2O2投加量为5 mmol/L和反应温度30℃的条件下,反应60 min后活性艳橙降解率达到96.2%。Fe0与H2O2投加量都存在一个最佳范围,当Fe0与H2O2浓度大于0.8 g/L和5 mmol/L时,羟基自由基会通过其他方式消耗,致使活性艳橙降解率下降。酸性条件和提高温度均有利于反应的进行。反应符合准一级动力学,表观反应速率常数k为0.064 min-1(30℃),反应活化能为80.62 kJ/mol。UV-Vis光谱扫描表明,反应过程中活性艳橙的发色基团及苯环结构均被破坏。     

紫外光促进盐酸聚苯胺催化H_2O_2氧化处理罗丹明B废水

以苯胺和过硫酸铵为主要原料合成了盐酸聚苯胺（HClPANI）催化剂,并通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和EDS对催化剂进行了表征。研究了在紫外光照下、HClPANI催化H2O2氧化处理罗丹明B染料废水工艺参数,探讨了各种因素对废水脱色效果的影响,并对催化氧化机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,催化剂HClPANI对催化H2O2氧化处理罗丹明B具有较好的催化活性、稳定性和重复使用性能。UV-H2O2-HClPANI体系产生了明显的协同效应,在pH=3、200 mg/L的罗丹明B废水中,30%H2O2用量为1.2 mL/L、HClPANI用量1 g/L、反应温度25℃、紫外灯功率500 W、光照70 min,罗丹明B脱色率达到了98.2%。