中国流域生态补偿标准核算方法进展研究

流域生态补偿关系到区域协调和可持续发展,补偿标准核算方法的确定是建立流域生态补偿机制的重点。对中国流域生态补偿标准核算方法的研究进展进行系统整理,总结了目前较为常用的五种核算方法,即生态系统服务功能价值法、生态保护总成本法、水质水量保护目标核算法、水资源价值法和支付意愿法,对比分析各自的优点与不足,并对近来出现的水足迹等新方法进行阐述。未来研究中,应实现核算方法结合、补偿标准的动态评估及提高核算体系的可操作性等。     

企业财务危机预警判断分析方法研究

财务危机是威胁企业持续经营的根本性危机,它不是突然而至,分为潜伏期、爆发期、成长期和解决期四个阶段逐步积累过程.根据不同阶段的企业财务状况,把爱德华.阿特曼Z值计分模型和不同时期的相关财务指标结合起来,运用定量和定性相结合的分析方法,判断分析企业的财务危机的级别,从而采取相应的措施,以利于规避财务风险.     

三峡地区农业经济监测原理与方法研究

提出了经济系统抟动监测原理，认为受扰动Ｘ作用的系统Ｓ的特征指标（监测指标）Ｏ的变化量△Ｏ分为由系统Ｓ自身发展引起的变化量△Ｏ和由扰动Ｘ的作用引起的变化量△Ｏｘ，即△Ｏ＝△Ｏ＋△Ｏｘ，监测的目的是考察由扰动Ｘ引起的指标Ｏ的变化量△Ｏｘ，提出了建立经济系统监测指标体系。针对５项原则和三峡地区农业经济指标体系。针对不同系统特点和扰动特性，提出８种监测方法。以对三峡库区秭归县水田坝乡眩坝区域柑桔产业开发对     

Regional environmental assessment (REA) and local Agenda 21 implementation

The implementation of sustainable development requires several support instruments. One of the major instruments in the Rio Declaration to support this process has been environmental assessment that has been given considerable emphasis as to its potential ability to help achieve more sustainable forms of development. Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting local sustainable development process. Selected environmental assessment methods have been␣used to improve the REA exercise and provide reliable data for decision-making not only to correct environmental problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also help local governments to implement Agenda 21 (AG21) plans and projects.     

PROBABILISTIC METHODS IN STREAM QUALITY MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT. Recent advances in water quality modelling have pointed out the need for stochastic models to simulate the probabilistic nature of water quality. However, often all that is needed is an estimate of the uncertainty in predicting water quality variables. First order analysis is a simple method of providing an estimate in the uncertainty in a deterministic model due to uncertain parameters. The method is applied to the simplified Streeter-Phelps equations for DO and BOD; a more complete Monte Carlo simulation is used to check the accuracy of the results. The first order analysis is found to give accurate estimates of means and variances of DO and BOD up to travel times exceeding the critical time. Uncertainty in travel time and the BOD decay constant are found to be most important for small travel times; uncertainty in the reaeration coefficient dominates near the critical time. Uncertainty in temperature was found to be a negligible source of uncertainty in DO for all travel times.     

浅谈环境监测数据的审核

阐述了环境监测数据审核程序与内容,对监测数据的审核方法进行了综述。     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DAM-BREAK FLOOD-FLOW ANALYSIS FOR ORANGE COUNTY RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: A two-dimensional dam-break model was used to predict the inundated area on an alluvial fan downslope from the Orange County Reservoir. The model is based upon a diffusion form of the continuity and momentum equations for long waves in shallow water, and the governing equation is solved by an explicit numerical scheme. In a comparison with a one-dimensional model, the two-dimensional model predicts a wider inundated area.     

COMPARING SOME METHODS OF ESTIMATING MEAN AREAL RAINFALL1

ABSTRACT: A comparison of 13 different methods of estimating mean areal rainfall was made on two areas in New Mexico, U.S.A., and one area in Great Britain. Daily, monthly and yearly rainfall data were utilized. All methods, in general, yielded comparable estimates, especially for yearly values. This suggested that a simpler method would be preferable for estimating mean areal rainfall in these areas.     

快速凯氏定氮仪与纳氏试剂光度法测定NH3-N的精密度及总不确定度比较

通过对实际水样中NH3-N的测定结果的精密度及总不确定度检验,比较快速凯氏定氮法和纳氏试剂光度法测试结果,置信概率为95%.双侧DIXON检验、精密度和不确定度检验,结果表明,两方法测定结果之间不存在显著性差异,具有一致性.     

用几种溶样方法对典型土样中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Mn、Cu、Zn的溶出情况比较

本文采用HNO_3、HCl-HNO_3、HNO_3-H_2SO_4-HClO_4,溶洋方法消解土样,用原子吸收法测定题述中的元素,并与HCl-HNO_3-HF-HClO_4全消解方法进行了比较.发现除用HF以外的其它酸溶法Pb、Cr的溶出较少溶出比分别低于55％和67％,主要原因是Pb、Cr包藏在土壤的矿物晶格中。