基于支持向量机的脂肪族化合物急性毒性的QSAR研究

基于定量结构-活性相关性(QSAR)原理.研究了106种脂肪族化合物结构与其急性毒性LC50(半数致死浓度)之间的内在定量关系.应用遗传算法从大量结构参数中优化筛选出与LC50最为密切相关的4个参数作为分子描述符,分别采用支持向量机(SVM)方法和多元线性回归(MLR)方法建立了相应的QSAR预测模型.分别采用内部验证及外部验证的方式对所建模型性能进行了验证.研究表明,2种模型均具有较高的稳定性、预测能力及泛化性能.其中支持向量机模型对训练集和预测集样本的预测平均绝对误差分别为0.336和0.364,优于多无线性同归方法所得结果.     

烷基酚类化合物对发光菌的定量构效相关研究

用发光菌(明亮发光菌T₃变种)对16种烷基酚进行了毒性测试(EC₅₀),并利用分子连接性指数、辛醇/水分配系数及电子参数进行毒性预测,在实验基础上获得有效的估测模式,并对活性作用机制进行了探讨.      

垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出液中重金属对藻类的毒性

采用斜生栅列藻、月牙藻、四尾栅藻作为生物指示物,用静水式急性毒性实验监测方法,测试了3种城市固体垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出液fMSwFAL）的重金属抑制藻类生长的毒性。结果表明：当pH值为5和8时,同一受试物具有相差不大的急性毒性：同一藻类,受试物的毒性顺序为：MSWFALⅠ〉MSWFALⅢ〉MSWFALⅡ;不同的藻类,对同一种受试物表现出的敏感性顺序为：月芽藻〉四尾栅藻〉斜生栅列藻。进而对各个受试物的毒性机理进行分析。     

重金属铅、铬胁迫对斜生栅藻的生长、光合性能及抗氧化系统的影响

以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus JNU49)为研究对象,研究了重金属Pb2+、Cr3+、Cr6+对斜生栅藻生物量积累、光合性能及抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,Pb2+、Cr3+、Cr6+对斜生栅藻的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为82.94、121.15、23.65μmol·L-1.半数抑制浓度胁迫下,斜生栅藻的放氧速率分别在第2~8 d(Pb2+胁迫)、1~3 d(Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫)受到明显抑制,而呼吸速率无明显变化;Pb2+胁迫下,斜生栅藻光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对电子传递速率(rETR)均明显低于对照,光化学淬灭(qP)从第1~5 d高于对照,而第6~8 d则显著低于对照;Cr3+和Cr6+胁迫对斜生栅藻光合性能的影响不如Pb2+胁迫明显.斜生栅藻丙二醛(MDA)含量在重金属胁迫下变高,以第3、4 d尤为明显;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,于第3、4 d较为明显;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化活性(T-AOC)在重金属胁迫下均小幅度提升.通过本研究发现,斜生栅藻的生物量、光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数和SOD活性等指标对重金属胁迫的反应均较为灵敏,可作为评估重金属胁迫对微藻危害的指标.     

毒死蜱对斜生栅藻急、慢性毒性效应的研究

为了解有机磷农药毒死蜱污染对本土水生敏感性物种斜生栅藻的毒性效应,在实验室条件下采用静态毒性实验,研究了毒死蜱对斜生栅藻96 h急性毒性效应,并在急性试验基础上进行慢性试验,分析了不同浓度毒死蜱存在14 d后斜生栅藻叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白以及丙二醛含量。结果表明,毒死蜱96 h EC50为8.4 mg/L;毒死蜱对斜生栅藻叶绿素a无明显毒性效应;但在前期短时间,低浓度作用下能促进可溶蛋白、MDA含量的上升,但在后期长时间胁迫作用下,总体可溶蛋白、MDA含量呈下降趋势;这说明,可溶蛋白和MDA这两个指标对毒死蜱敏感,可作为生物标志物来指示有机磷农药污染物对水生生物的影响,研究结果可为本土水生敏感性物种的保护和农药安全使用标准的制定提供理论依据。     

生产性IC反应器处理啤酒废水启动研究

ＩＣ反应器是处于世界先进水平的有机废水生物厌氧处理技术。经国内首次ＩＣ反应器启动研究，启动周期为６５ｄ，反应器ＣＯＤ负荷为２５ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ６３．ｄ）－３０ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）ＣＯＤ去除率为８０％。     

厦门海洋性酸雨中有机弱酸的研究

以离子色谱法测定了厦门市海洋性降水中的甲、乙酸及某些阴、阳离子。用多元逐步回归和多对多双重筛选回归等数学方法,分析了降水中弱有机酸及其与阴阳离子的关系;讨论了其来源及对厦门酸雨的贡献。     

Accumulation of Endosulfan in Wild Rat, Rattus norvegious as a Result of Application to Soya Bean in Mazoe (Zimbabwe)

An assessment of levels of endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate in rats collected from a plot sprayed with endosulfan was carried out for a period of four months. The analysis was carried out in the livers, muscles and fatty tissues of the rats using Gas Chromatography. Samples were ground with sodium sulphate and aluminium oxide and the analyte soxhlet extracted with hexane. The extract was then cleaned by florisil column chromatography. Levels of endosulfan in rats were found to range in livers from 0.356 to 5.807 ppb, in muscles from 0.089 to 5.167 ppb and in fatty tissues from 0.083 to 4.785 ppb. Levels of endosulfan sulphate correlated well with those of endosulfan and ranged in livers from 0.00 to 3.96 ppb, in muscles from 0.00 to 3.37 ppb and in fatty tissue from 0.00 to 2.93 ppb. In the control rats samples, collected from an unsprayed area in the city of Harare (University of Zimbabwe), no endosulfan could be detected.     

IC色谱仪电位法测定S^2—的运用与研究

介绍了应用ＹＩＣ－８型离子色谱仪电化学检测器测定标准样品及废水样中Ｓ＾２－的含量,同时与化学法进行比较,肯定了电位法的准确性、可靠性。     

Variations in sensitivity of two populations of Corophium Orientale (Crustacea: Amphipoda) towards cadmium and sodium laurylsulphate

The aim of this work was to monitor the sensitivity of two populations of Corophium orientale (Crustacea: Amphipoda) living at the outfall of two rivers (Magra and Serchio), comparing their responses towards two different toxicant solutions. Sensitivity was monthly checked performing the 96h-LC₅₀ static water only test with Cd(NO₃)₂ and SDS. If no significant differences were found between the two populations, they could have been employed without distinction to perform sediment toxicity bioassays. As regard to Cd, an increasing in LC₅₀ values from summer to winter was evident in each population (Serchio River: August 2003  =  1,36 mg/l, February 2004  =  7,23 mg/l; Magra River: August  =  1,21 mg/l, April  =  5,01 mg/l). This pattern was correlated to the droop of temperatures in winter period. The responses of the two populations towards the cadmium were compared using the ANOVA. The analysis showed any significant differences between the populations (p  =  0.12). The pattern of sensitivity towards SDS for the population living on Magra River was similar to the same pattern found for Cd; as regard to the population living on Serchio River, data were not enough to describe the annual pattern. Anyway, statistical analysis was performed and no significant differences were found between the two populations (p  =  0.34).