A comparative study of classical and biochemical endpoints for phytotoxicity testing of chlorobenzoic acids

IntroductionChlorobenzoic acids ( CBAs ) are important chemicalproducts and extensive used as the intermediate and analysisreagent in many industrial fields(Zhang, 2001). Therefore,CBAs may directly and constantly release into environment,and it was a…     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

卤虫对毒物毒性监测方法研究

以孵化好的 - 期卤虫为受试生物 ,实验研究了 As2 O3、Hg Cl2 、KCN、K2 Cr2 O7、苯、苯酚、六六六7种物质对卤虫的中毒阀值和 L C50 - 2 4h(L eathal、Concentration 5 0 - 2 4hours,2 4小时半致死浓度 )的测定 ,该方法具有操作简便、快速、覆盖面宽、技术易掌握、所需设备不复杂等特点。     

IC卡在环境污染源信息管理中的应用

ＩＣ卡为环境保护系统提供了信息采集的新方法，简要介绍环境保护系统运用ＩＣ卡管理污染信息的试点工作。／     

内循环(IC)厌氧反应器的发展与应用

主要介绍了IC反应器的特性和研究进展。IC反应器是UASB反应器的基础上发展起来的第三代厌氧生物反应器，它特有的内循环结构这一技术优势使其具有效率高、能耗低、投资少、占地省等优点。分析了IC反应器的缺陷，并展望了IC反应器的发展前景。     

工业废水生物综合毒性监测与评价

蚕豆微核、发光细菌急性毒性、鱼类急性毒性等实验基础上，采用PEEP（潜在的毒性效应）和CHIMIOTOX（预测毒性）等指数对6个重点行业的10家受试企业的工业废水生物综合毒性进行了监测与评价。结果表明，受试企业所排放废水的生物毒性均较大，迫切需要治理.     

红壤中镧积累对水稻的生理生态效应

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了红壤中稀土元素镧对水稻的生长发育 ,产量和一些对环境敏感的生理生化指标的影响 .结果表明 ,La浓度为 75mg·kg-1时水稻的生育期明显滞后 ,La浓度为 30 0mg·kg-1时水稻的生长显著受到抑制 ,产量显著降低 ,水稻生物量降低一半的EC50 =32 3 0 2mg·kg-1.La浓度为 75mg·kg-1时水稻的叶绿素a b显著降低 ,POD活性、细胞质膜透性和游离脯氨酸含量显著增高 .     

硝化速率法用于活性污泥活性测试的研究

以城市污水厂回流污泥中的硝化细菌(氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌)为受试生物,HgCl2为标准毒性物质,通过对两组实验--氨氧化速率实验(NH 4-N→NO-2-N)和亚硝酸盐氧化速率实验(NO-2-N→NO-3-N)的研究表明,氨氧化细菌对HgCl2的灵敏度(IC50=0.034 mmol/L)明显高于亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(IC50=0.20 mmol/L).氨氧化速率法测试活性污泥活性时,使用NH 4-N或NO-X-N指标需要120 min或更长的时间,但使用NO-2-N指标仅需30 min就可完成测试,而且结果重现性要比NH 4-N和NO-X-N好,其变异系数CV为5.9 %.     

3种药物对扇形游仆虫Euplotes vannus(纤毛门,寡毛目)的急性毒性作用

通过海洋纤毛虫扇形游仆虫Euplotesvannus对水产养殖中常用药物高锰酸钾、福尔马林及鲁哥氏液的急性毒性实验 ,以几率单位法获得游仆虫对福尔马林及鲁哥氏液的 2h 12h的半致死浓度 (LC50 值 ) ,对前者的LC50 ,2h值为 85 .0 1× 10 -6,LC50 ,12h为 6 1.5 7× 10 -6;对于后者的LC50 ,2h为 90 .2 3× 10 -6,LC50 ,12h为 75 .36× 10 -6.在此基础上对 3种药物的作用效果及杀灭浓度进行了比较 ,结果表明 ,扇形游仆虫对福尔马林的耐受力明显小于鲁哥氏液 ,同时显示 ,高锰酸钾是在养殖动物耐受阈内可迅速杀灭纤毛虫的理想药物 .图 2表 5参 11     

Energy inputs in agricultural systems of China

An analysis of the energy inputs in corn, rice, sorghum, wheat, soybean, and millet in northeastern China indicates that most of the crops are produced with about one half the fossil energy inputs compared with those in the United States. The inputs of labor, however, are 10–100-fold greater than those in the United States. China also uses 85 to more than 500 h of horse power per hectare in producing its crop and this helps reduce the fossil energy inputs in crop production. A small increase in the use of machinery energy (3%) at appropriate times in the cropping systems could reduce labor inputs by about one third.