Electrochemical treatment of olive mill wastewater: Treatment extent and effluent phenolic compounds monitoring using some uncommon analytical tools

Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts: (1) their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; (2) and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater (OMW) under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Grignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13 C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.     

顶空／气相色谱-质谱法测定水中四乙基铅

建立了顶空,气相色谱-质谱法测定水中四乙基铅方法。水样中的四乙基铅直接顶空进样,质谱分析。实验结果表明,在0．10-5．00μg几范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0．02μg/L,得到了良好的分离效果与较高的灵敏度和精密度。方法简便快捷,能达到《生活饮用水卫生规范》（GB/T5750．8—2006）中规定的要求。     

STAC有机膨润土的表征及其处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

文章以钙基蒙脱石为原料,经钠化后与十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(又称1831,简称STAC)进行离子交换反应,合成有机膨润土,通过XRD、IR 、SEM等测试仪,对有机膨润土的结构进行了分析,同时利用改性后的STAC有机膨润土对某垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液进行处理,用GC/MS对处理前后垃圾渗滤液中主要有机组分进行了分析,结果表明,...     

用GC/MS分析火灾后苯板产生固体废物中的有机物

采用GC/MS方法对某苯板厂火灾后产生的固体废弃物进行检测分析.结果表明,在苯板火灾后产生的固体废弃物中检测出61种化合物,其中被美国EPA列入优先污染物的苯系物、萘和蒽等占总有机物12.2％.     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定土壤中的金属元素研究

采用硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-双氧水作溶剂,通过微波消解技术、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定土壤中的锑、砷、铍、镉、铬、铜、铅、镍、硒、银、铊、锌,优化了微波消解仪和等离子发射光谱仪的工作参数,研究了共存离子的干扰和消除方法。优化后的微波消解酸体系及用量比例为HNO3∶HCl∶HF∶H2O2=5∶2∶3∶1,方法线性良好,各元素的检出限在0.000 2 mg/L~0.010 1 mg/L之间,土壤样品测定的标准偏差在0.001~0.051之间,加标回收率在85.5%~108.5%之间。该方法检出限低、精密度高、准确度好,测定结果令人满意。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定某市污水处理厂进出水中的全氟化合物

通过建立直接进样-高效液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）测定污水处理厂进出水中的10种全氟化合物的方法,了解污水厂进出水中全氟化合物污染情况。10种目标分析物在10~500 ng/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为2.3~8.3 ng/L,精密度为2.1%~7.1%,加标回收率为60.6%~91.7%。应用该方法测定某市典型污水厂进出水中的全氟化合物,进水中全氟化合物质量浓度为90.9~206 ng/L,主要污染物是PFOA、PFHxS和PFBS;出水中全氟化合物的质量浓度为67.4~158 ng/L,环境排放量为6.7~22.9 g/d,主要污染物是PFOA和PFHxS。结果表明,该方法能很好地适用于复杂基质中10种全氟化合物的检测。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱法同时测定地表水中8种亚硝胺类化合物

建立了固相萃取（SPE）-超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定地表水中8种亚硝胺类化合物的方法。水样中目标物经椰壳活性炭固相萃取小柱吸附富集,小柱经氮气吹干后采用二氯甲烷洗脱。待测样品采用Atlantis T₃柱,以水-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,大气压力化学电离源（APCI）正离子模式多反应监测方式（MRM）进行检测,内标法定量分析。8种目标物在相关线性范围内线性良好(r≥0.9950),地表水加标回收率为55.4%~90.4%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~14.3%,方法检出限为1.1 ~1.8 ng/L。本方法准确度和灵敏度高,适用于快速测定地表水中8种亚硝胺类化合物含量。     

Determination of Steroid Estrogens in Wastewater Treatment Plant of A Controceptives Producing Factory

Steroid estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) have been suspected to be the main contaminants, which can affect the endocrine system of animals. Many authors have investigated these chemicals in the domestic wastewater treatment plants (WTP). However, wastewater from industries producing steroid contraceptives has not got ample attention. From the environmental point of view, the four steroids are very significant because even very low concentrations (ng/L) can cause reproductive disturbances in human, livestock and wildlife. The main purpose of the present investigation was to develop an analytical method for the determination of the four steroid estrogens present in WTP of a pharmacy factory, mainly producing contraceptive medicine in Beijing, China. Analysis was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) system and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The average recoveries from effluent samples ranged from 88% to 103% and the precision of the method ranged from 9% to 4%. Based on 0.5-L wastewater samples, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined at 0.7 ng/L for E1, 0.8 for E2, 0.9 ng/L for E3, and 0.5 ng/L for EE2 in influent, and 1.0 ng/L for E2 and EE2, and 2.0 ng/L for E1 and E3 in effluent. In the influent samples, average concentrations of 80, 85, 73 and 155 ng/L were determined for E1, E2, E3 and EE2, respectively, showing that they were removed in this WTP to the extent of 79, 73, 85 and 67%, respectively.     

Dissipation,residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS

A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2–5.5?days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005–0.120?mg kg^?1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.     

山东省主要河流中抗生素污染组成及空间分布特征

采用固相萃取-液相色谱/串联质谱法研究了山东省境内四大流域主要河流中抗生素污染组成及空间分布特征,涉及我国用量最大的6类共20种抗生素。结果表明:20种抗生素均有检出,且大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素整体检出浓度较高。就流域而言,半岛诸河流域抗生素污染较小,平均总质量浓度61.4 ng/L;海河流域、小清河流域和淮河流域相对较为严重,平均总质量浓度分别为232、175、118 ng/L。抗生素空间分布呈现一定的规律,检出浓度较高的点位主要集中在人口密集区下游,抗生素污染与周边生活污水、养殖企业废水和城市污水处理厂排水密切相关,而且抗生素组成可从一定程度上反映出污染来源。