涂料稀释剂中的有机污染物分析

采用HP-5毛细管柱分离涂料稀释剂中的有机组份，气相色谱-质谱联用技术定性分析涂料稀释剂中的有机组份，FID检测器定量分析，采用面积归一法计算主要成份的体积分数，并对该涂料稀释剂的毒性进行评估。     

Quantification of ionophores in aged poultry litter using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Veterinary anticoccidials, biochemically known as ionophores, are widely used in poultry feed at therapeutic levels to treat Coccidiosis and at sub-therapeutic levels for growth- promotion. Commonly used ionophores in the US poultry industry are monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid and narasin. There is an increasing concern regarding the persistence of these anticoccidials in the environment. However, little attention has been directed to methods development for quantitatively measuring ionophores in complex environmental matrices such as poultry litters that are land applied. Here, we describe a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method developed for simultaneous quantification of monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, and narasin in aged poultry litter samples. Results show significant level of monensin (97.8 ± 3.2 μg kg^?1), lasalocid (19.2 ± 6.6 μg kg^?1), salinomycin (70 ± 2.7 μg kg^?1) and narasin (57.3 ± 2.6 μg kg^?1) in poultry litter stored for over three years at < 5°C. Our findings indicate that even after several years of unmanaged storage of poultry litter, ionophores may continue to persist in this matrix, raising the possibility of prolonged release into the environment.     

水和正已烷中痕量四氯联苯光降解研究

多氯联苯(PCBs)已成为全球性污染物,在人类生存的各种环境因素中,包括空气、水体、土壤、生物体,甚至远离大陆的海洋中已都发现PCBs的存在.自从发现PCBs能吸收190—240nm和280—310nm紫外光以来,人们推断PCBs吸收阳光中的紫外线后的光降解可能是从环境中除去PCBs的一种有效途径.因此对PCBs的光降解     

我国东北地区土壤铀同位素水平、分布和来源

系统采集了我国东北地区132个表层土壤样品,采用混合酸全溶分解样品,使用UTEVA萃取色谱分离样品溶液中的铀,应用串联四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS/MS）测量样品溶液中²³⁸U、²³⁵U、²³⁴U,获得了研究区域表层土壤中3种铀同位素浓度水平和分布.首次大范围报道该地区表土中²³⁴U水平,发现在部分土壤中²³⁴U发生明显的同位素分馏.²³⁵U/²³⁸U原子比值分布显示区域大气核武器试验的放射性颗粒物在山脉迎风坡有明显沉积,导致大兴安岭等山脉的西侧²³⁵U/²³⁸U原子比值较高.但该区域铀同位素整体上处于环境本底水平,受人类核活动影响较小.来源分析表明研究区域表土中铀主要来源于成土母岩的岩石风化以及人类的工业和农业活动.     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了地表水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品直接过膜上样,用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定地表水中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯。结果表明,6种PAEs线性相关性良好,方法最低检出限为0．01～ 0．05μg/L,低、中、高三个浓度的加标回收率在87．4％～106．9％之间。该方法方便、准确、灵敏度高,适合地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类的监测分析。     

建筑设计的安全系统工程初探

建筑设计的任务是全面贯彻安全、适用、经济、美观的方针,高质量、高效率、高可靠地创造具有综合效益的现代环境。以当代世界安全科学的观点,中国建筑要充分地利用资金、资源、环境、土地外,更应关注与设计变量相关的“故障——风险——灾害”的背景及设计原则。本文以建筑工程设计的系统观点,总结多年来诸项建筑子系统的安全对策[6][7][8][9][16]等;探讨安全设计系统工程方法的框架体系;试图扩展可靠性工程、运筹学及新近发展的失误控制论等安全技术。     

Iron interference on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectra of condensed tannins

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to reveal the influence of iron on the detectability of condensed tannins extracted from Picea abies. Iron chloride mixed with condensed tannins suppresses the detection of tannins by MALDI-TOF MS in a dose-dependent manner. Total suppression is observed at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg FeCl₃ g^–1 of sample. At lower concentrations, spectrum quality is still greatly reduced, but short chain tannins are detected. At 100 mg FeCl₃ g^–1 of sample, iron increased the intensity of the tannin galloyl ester peaks above those of the corresponding tannin polymers. This points to an antagonistic effect of the galloyl ester moiety on iron complexation with condensed tannins and, thus, their reduced susceptibility to iron interference during MALDI-TOF MS.     

生物流化床A/O2工艺处理焦化废水过程中有机组分的GC/MS分析

在自行设计的2000m3·d-1规模的生物流化床A/O2工艺中,以实际焦化废水为研究对象,采用GC/MS法分析各单元工艺的有机物组分,解析了污染物的降解规律.结果发现,焦化废水中酚类物质占有机物总量的90%以上;厌氧阶段对废水COD的去除率为10%～15%,主要为大分子复杂有机物分解为有机酸、有机醇类,此过程使废水BOD/COD值由0.30提高到0.45;一级好氧阶段可去除大部分的酚、胺、喹啉、吡啶、呋喃、吲哚、萘等组分,COD的去除率达到65%～70%;二级好氧阶段的COD去除率为40%～50%.间甲苯酚、哌嗪、哌啶、长链烃类、苯类等在生物处理出水中可被检出,属于难降解成分,有必要对其进行深度处理.采用TTC脱氢酶法测试了不同工艺段废水对酶活的影响,在相同的TOC浓度时,厌氧出水和一级好氧出水的酶活达26～29μg·h-1,滤池出水的酶活为几个工艺段水质的最低值7.02μg·h-1,显示其中可被微生物利用的有机物急剧减少.     

Analysis of vapor phase organics in air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin by capillary GC and GC/MS

The vapor phase organics (VPOs) in the air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin were detected by a capillary gas chromatography and GC/MS during the winter and the summer separately. The tentatively identified compounds include alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, halocarbons and so on. The numbers of VPOs found are 118 in Beijing, 83 in Lang-fang and 65 in Tianjin in the winter, and 56, 39 and 72 in the summer respectively. Based on the data of some representative compounds determined quantitatively by GC and GC/MS, a profile of organic pollution in the air of the three cities is presented.     

防虫蛀织物中有机杀虫剂残留的GC／MS测定

织物试样由丙酮－正己烷混合溶剂浸渍后进行超声提取，提取液经Celite层析柱净化。40℃为转蒸发浓缩、定容，由GC／MS测定试样中的DCB、Naphthalene,PCP及Permethrin含量，本方法适合毛织物中防虫蚊整理剂、防霉剂及驱虫制剂残留的定性量分析，方法在目标化合物的检测限（LOQs)D0.1-0.5Mg/Kg之范围内，平均回收率介于89.2-94.6%之间，相对标准偏差为2.3-8.1%。